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Critical Review on Titania-Based Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application as a Photocatalyst

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Abstract

TiO2 nanoparticle is very important due to its non-toxicity, inexpensive, thermal, and chemical stability. TiO2 exists in three crystalline forms: anatase, brookite, and, rutile. The crystal structure of anatase and rutile is tetragonal and brookite is orthogonal. TiO2 is widely known for its photocatalytic behavior, which makes it a useful material in various applications. When exposed to light, TiO2 generates electron–hole pairs, which can react with water and oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals. TiO2 as a photocatalyst is used to remove environmental pollutants and convert solar energy into H2 and electricity and detach pharmaceuticals and toxicity of photo products. The smaller size of TiO2 has better photocatalytic properties as compared to the larger size. TiO2 nanoparticles are prepared by various methods: sol–gel synthesis, hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, electrochemical method, organometallic synthesis, green synthesis, etc. TiO2 nanoparticles are the heterogeneous catalyst and the transfer of electrons from TiO2 particles by absorption of light causes a redox reaction which is used for organic transformation. TiO2 nanoparticles also have various other important applications including wastewater treatment, air purification, reducing the toxicity of dyes, gas sensors, food and personal care, lithium-ion batteries, water splitting, etc. Herein, we summarized the mode of synthesis, characterization, and various organic transformations using titania-based nanoparticles.

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledgment Dr. Shalu for her valuable support. The authors also thankful to SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus for support. 

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, India

    Sangeeta

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India

    Onisha

  3. Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India

    Navjot Sandhu

  4. University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab , 140413, India

    Chandra Kumar

  5. Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Mohajer

  6. Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology-Delhi NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201204, India

    Ravi Tomar

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Sangeeta, Onisha, Sandhu, N. et al. Critical Review on Titania-Based Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application as a Photocatalyst. Chemistry Africa 7, 1749–1768 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-023-00875-1

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