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Technical Challenges and Their Solutions for Integration of Sensible Thermal Energy Storage with Concentrated Solar Power Applications—a Review

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Abstract

Concentrated solar power (CSP) uses solar insolation to increase the temperature of heat transfer fluid (HTF), which can be used in a power block to produce power either by using a steam turbine or gas turbine. In CSP, the levelized cost of electricity is higher than conventional sources due to the intermittent nature of solar energy. The levelized cost of electricity can be reduced by integrating CSP with thermal energy storage (TES) system. This paper comprehensively reviews sensible thermal energy storage technologies for concentrated solar power applications. It includes a brief discussion of various sensible heat TES systems, i.e., two-tank molten salt TES system, single-media TES system, and dual-media TES systems. Recent advances in the TES system show that dual-media thermocline is economically more viable as compared to others. However, it has a few technical challenges like a mechanical failure due to thermal ratcheting and varying outlet temperature. Additionally, the review presented here is useful in thermodynamic modeling of the TES system using various heat transfer models.

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Abbreviations

\({{\varvec{a}}}_{{\varvec{w}}}\) :

Superficial area per unit volume

\({{\varvec{U}}}_{{\varvec{w}}}\) :

Overall heat transfer coefficient

X :

Mole fraction

P :

Pressure

Ε:

Void fraction

\({{\varvec{V}}}_{{\varvec{s}}}\) :

Interstitial velocity

Μ:

Dynamic viscosity

D :

Pebbles diameter

T :

Temperature

Y :

Axial length

H :

Convective heat transfer coefficient

R :

Radius

K :

Thermal conductivity

C :

Specific heat

A :

Area

\({\boldsymbol{\alpha }}_{{\varvec{a}}{\varvec{x}}}\) :

Axial fluid thermal dispersion coefficient

\(\boldsymbol{\alpha }\) :

Thermal diffusivity

Ρ :

Density

\({\varvec{s}}\) :

Solid

\({\varvec{f}}\) :

Fluid

V :

Volumetric

TES :

Thermal energy storage

CSP :

Concentrated solar power

HTF :

Heat transfer fluid

PV :

Photovoltaic module

DNI :

Direct normal irradiance

PTC :

Parabolic trough collector

LFR :

Linear Fresnel reflector

DSC :

Differential scanning calorimeter

MSTES :

Molten salt thermal energy storage

ORC :

Organic Rankine cycle

HITEC:

NaNO3-KNO3-NaNO2: 7–53-40 wt%)—molten salt

PBSS:

Packed bed sensible storage

STHX:

Shell and tube heat exchanger

LMP:

Low melting point

SMT:

Single-media thermocline

DMT:

Dual-media tank

PCM:

Phase change material

MTR:

Minimum temperature requirement

PBR:

Packed bed generator

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  1. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India

    Ram Kunwer, Shyam Pandey & Govind Pandey

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  1. Ram Kunwer
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  2. Shyam Pandey
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  3. Govind Pandey
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Correspondence to Ram Kunwer.

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Kunwer, R., Pandey, S. & Pandey, G. Technical Challenges and Their Solutions for Integration of Sensible Thermal Energy Storage with Concentrated Solar Power Applications—a Review. Process Integr Optim Sustain 6, 559–585 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-022-00231-9

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