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Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of hydrogenation upgrading and supercritical ethanol upgrading processes based on fast pyrolysis of cornstalk for biofuel

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Abstract

In this study, the techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) were used to make a comprehensive comparison from the perspectives of economic and environment between the hydrogenation upgrading process and the supercritical ethanol upgrading process based on fast pyrolysis of cornstalk for liquid biofuel. The whole processes of fast pyrolysis and hydrogenation upgrading (FP-HU), fast pyrolysis, and supercritical ethanol upgrading (FP-SU) were simulated by aspen plus software. The mass flow and energy flow of these two processes were calculated according to the simulation results. The TEA results showed that the minimum fuel selling prices (MFSP) of FP-HU and FP-SU were 0.0417 $/MJ and 0.0383 $/MJ. The largest contribution to the MFSPs of FP-HU and FP-SU were the cornstalk cost (0.0084 $/MJ) and the ethanol input cost (0.012 $/MJ), accounting for 18.8% and 31.3% of their MFSP, respectively. The LCA results showed that the abiotic depletion potential (ADP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and global warming potential (GWP) values of FP-HU were lower compared with FP-SU. The eco-points representing the combined environmental impact of FP-HU and FP-SU were 4.5E − 12 and 5.2E − 12, respectively. Compared to conventional diesel, the ADP, GWP, and respiratory inorganics (RI) of FP-HU and FP-SU decreased by 25.1% and 8.6%, 66.8% and 51.9%, and 95.7% and 96.6%, respectively. The sub-process contribution analysis suggested that the electricity consumption of bio-oil production sub-process and the ethanol consumption of bio-oil upgrading sub-process contributed the most to the eco-points of FP-HU and FP-SU.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

ADP:

Abiotic depletion potential

AP:

Acidification

CEPCI:

Chemical engineering equipment cost index

CFB:

Circulating fluidized bed

CLCD:

Chinese life cycle database

CML:

Council of Mortgage Lenders

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

EP:

Eutrophication

FCI:

Fixed capital investment

FP-HU:

Fast pyrolysis and hydrogenation upgrading

FP-SU:

Fast pyrolysis and supercritical ethanol upgrading

GWP:

Global warming potential

IC:

Indirect cost

LCA:

Life cycle assessment

MFSP:

Minimum fuel selling price

NCG:

Non-condensable gas

PSA:

Pressure swing adsorption

RI:

Respiratory inorganics

SCFs:

Supercritical fluids

TDIC:

Total direct and indirect costs

TEA:

Techno-economic analysis

TIC:

Total installed cost

TPEC:

Total purchased equipment cost

TPI:

Total project investment

WC:

Working capital

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Funding

The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the financial support from National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB1501405) on this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Jiangsu, 210096, China

    Xiang Zheng, Zhaoping Zhong, Bo Zhang, Haoran Du, Wei Wang, Qian Li, Yuxuan Yang & Renzhi Qi

  2. State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Zhaoying Li

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  1. Xiang Zheng
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  2. Zhaoping Zhong
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Contributions

Xiang Zheng: methodology, software, formal analysis, writing-original draft, visualization. Zhaoping Zhong: project administration, funding acquisition. Bo Zhang: validation. Haoran Du: resources. Wei Wang: investigation. Qian Li: data curation. Yuxuan Yang: conceptualization. Renzhi Qi: writing-review & editing. Zhaoying Li: supervision.

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Highlights

• Fast pyrolysis with different upgrading processes (FP-HU and FP-SU) were simulated.

• Techno-economic and life cycle assessment were conducted for FP-HU and FP-SU.

• Costs of biofuel from FP-HU and FP-SU are 0.0417 and 0.0383 $/MJ, respectively.

• The environmental impact of FP-SU is 1.14 times that of FP-HU.

• Sensitivity analysis was conducted to find the key factors to cost and eco-point.

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Zheng, X., Zhong, Z., Zhang, B. et al. Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of hydrogenation upgrading and supercritical ethanol upgrading processes based on fast pyrolysis of cornstalk for biofuel. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04096-x

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