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Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis of the Flow Downstream of a Dysfunctional Bileaflet Mechanical Aortic Valve

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Abstract

Purpose

Aortic valve replacement remains the only viable solution for symptomatic patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. Despite their improved design and long history of successful operation, bileaflet mechanical heart valves are still associated with post-operative complications leading to valve dysfunction. Thus, the flow dynamics can be highly disturbed downstream of the dysfunctional valve.

Methods

In this in vitro study, the flow dynamics downstream of healthy and dysfunctional bileaflet mechanical heart valves have been investigated using particle image velocimetry measurements. Proper orthogonal decomposition of the velocity field has been performed in order to explore the coherent flow features in the ascending aorta in the presence of a dysfunctional bileaflet mechanical heart valve.

Results

The ability of proper orthogonal decomposition derived metrics to differentiate between heathy and dysfunctional cases is reported. Moreover, reduced-order modeling using proper orthogonal decomposition is thoroughly investigated not only for the velocity field but also for higher order flow characteristics such as time average wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index and viscous energy dissipation.

Conclusion

Considering these results, proper orthogonal decomposition can provide a rapid binary classifier to evaluate if the bileaflet mechanical valve deviates from its normal operating conditions. Moreover, the study shows that the size of the reduced-order model depends on which flow parameter is required to be reconstructed.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)

Conflict of interest

Ahmed Darwish, Giuseppe Di Labbio, Wael Saleh and Lyes Kadem declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Cardiovascular Fluid Dynamics, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W, Montréal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada

    Ahmed Darwish, Giuseppe Di Labbio, Wael Saleh & Lyes Kadem

  2. Laboratoire de Dynamiques des Fluides, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Giuseppe Di Labbio

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

    Ahmed Darwish & Wael Saleh

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  1. Ahmed Darwish
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Correspondence to Ahmed Darwish.

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Associate Editor Keefe B. Manning oversaw the review of this article.

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Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. A guide to use the POD data is provided along with entropy values and POD modes for all investigated cases. The same document includes static figures showing the matching flow features between the original flow and the reconstructed flows. Moreover, a table showing the opening and closure times of the valve leaflets for all cases is included in this supplementary document. Finally, six videos (for all cases) are provided showing three panels with the original flow in the left panel, the reconstructed flow using the first 2 modes in the middle panel and the reconstructed flow using the first 10 modes in the right panel.

Supplementary material 1 (MP4 9881 kb)

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Supplementary material 6 (MP4 9734 kb)

Supplementary material 7 (DOCX 14923 kb)

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Darwish, A., Di Labbio, G., Saleh, W. et al. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis of the Flow Downstream of a Dysfunctional Bileaflet Mechanical Aortic Valve. Cardiovasc Eng Tech 12, 286–299 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-021-00519-w

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