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The Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Tissue Damage

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Abstract

Chemotherapy constitutes one of the key treatment modalities for solid and hematological malignancies. Albeit being an effective treatment, chemotherapy application is often limited by its damage to healthy tissues, and curative treatment options for chemotherapy-related side effects are largely missing. As mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to exhibit regenerative capacity mainly by supporting a beneficial microenvironment for tissue repair, MSC-based therapies may attenuate chemotherapy-induced tissue injuries. An increasing number of animal studies shows favorable effects of MSC-based treatments; however, clinical trials for MSC therapies in the context of chemotherapy-related side effects are rare. In this concise review, we summarize the current knowledge of the effects of MSCs on chemotherapy-induced tissue toxicities. Both preclinical and early clinical trials investigating MSC-based treatments for chemotherapy-related side reactions are presented, and mechanistic explanations about the regenerative effects of MSCs in the context of chemotherapy-induced tissue damage are discussed. Furthermore, challenges of MSC-based treatments are outlined that need closer investigations before these multipotent cells can be safely applied to cancer patients. As any pro-tumorigenicity of MSCs needs to be ruled out prior to clinical utilization of these cells for cancer patients, the pro- and anti-tumorigenic activities of MSCs are discussed in detail.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the scientific support of Rainer Saffrich, Patrick Wuchter, Klaus-Josef Weber and Jürgen Debus. The authors also thank the research group members Thuy Trinh, Sonevisay Sisombath, Marina Szymbara, Alexandra Tietz, Franziska Münz, Oliver Xia and Jannek Brauer for their help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Alexander Rühle & Peter E. Huber

  2. Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Alexander Rühle, Ramon Lopez Perez, Bingwen Zou, Peter E. Huber & Nils H. Nicolay

  3. Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO) and National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Alexander Rühle, Ramon Lopez Perez, Bingwen Zou & Peter E. Huber

  4. Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital & Laboratory of Stress Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

    Bingwen Zou

  5. Department of Radiation Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Strasse 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany

    Anca-Ligia Grosu & Nils H. Nicolay

  6. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany

    Anca-Ligia Grosu & Nils H. Nicolay

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  1. Alexander Rühle
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  2. Ramon Lopez Perez
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  3. Bingwen Zou
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  4. Anca-Ligia Grosu
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  5. Peter E. Huber
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  6. Nils H. Nicolay
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Correspondence to Nils H. Nicolay.

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Rühle, A., Lopez Perez, R., Zou, B. et al. The Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Tissue Damage. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 15, 356–373 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-019-09886-3

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