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Determinants of Female Adolescents’ Quality of Life Before, during and after Detention: a Four-Wave Follow-Up Study Examining a Theory of Individual Quality of Life

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Abstract

Quality of Life (QoL) has become an important indicator of health care needs and treatment outcomes. Yet studies on this topic among detained girls are still very scarce. This study aimed to fill this void by examining a theory of individual QoL, focussing on determinants of detained girls’ QoL over time. A four-wave follow-up study was conducted among 147 detained girls (Mage = 16.20). Participants rated their self-perceived QoL (i.e., physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment) before, during, and after detention. At baseline (i.e., shortly after admission), personal and environmental determinants of QoL were measured through self-report and file-information, including psychiatric disorders, reason for detention and trauma exposure. Multilevel growth curve analyses indicated that girls’ QoL decreased after admission, remained stable during detention, but increased after discharge, supporting the hypothesized dynamic nature of QoL. However, findings differed depending upon the QoL domain and baseline level. None of the three hypothesized determinants had significant main/interaction effects on QoL, at least not when controlling for baseline QoL and covariates. Yet, one covariate (i.e., school attendance) displayed significant main/interaction effects. These findings indicate that the influence of a particular determinant dependents upon a complex interplay of other personal/environmental factors. To conclude, we highlight the need for critical reflections upon the restricting and segregating nature of detention facilities and suggest there is a need to implement QoL enhancement strategies to create a more supportive climate for change. Moreover, we formulate recommendations for future research in order to further stimulate QoL theory evaluation and development.

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Abbreviations

ADHD:

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

CD:

conduct disorder

DISC-IV:

Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV

MDD:

major depressive disorder

ODD:

oppositional defiant disorder

PTSD:

post-traumatic stress disorder

QoL:

quality of life

SAD:

separation anxiety disorder

SES:

socioeconomic status

WHO:

World Health Organization

WHOQOL-BREF:

an abbreviated version of the WHOQOL-100 (i.e., the Quality of Life instrument of the World Health Organization)

YDC:

youth detention center

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Gregory Verleysen, statistical consultant from the Research Support Office at the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences at Ghent University, for his statistical support.

Funding

This study is funded by the Special Research Fund from Ghent University and the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO). None of these funding bodies were involved in the design of the study, nor in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data or in writing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Lore Van Damme, Wouter Vanderplasschen & Stijn Vandevelde

  2. School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand

    Clare-Ann Fortune

  3. Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Olivier F. Colins

  4. Department of Social Work, Örebro University, Långhuset, Fakultetsgatan 1, 702 81, Örebro, Sweden

    Olivier F. Colins

Authors
  1. Lore Van Damme
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  2. Wouter Vanderplasschen
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  4. Stijn Vandevelde
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  5. Olivier F. Colins
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Correspondence to Lore Van Damme.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

This study was approved by the Ethical Commission of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences at Ghent University (2011/59) and by the Board of the YDC. The detained girls provided written active informed consent before starting the assessment. At the moment the female adolescents entered the YDC, their parents also received a letter including information about the aims and practical aspects of the study and could refuse participation (i.e. passive informed consent).

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Van Damme, L., Vanderplasschen, W., Fortune, CA. et al. Determinants of Female Adolescents’ Quality of Life Before, during and after Detention: a Four-Wave Follow-Up Study Examining a Theory of Individual Quality of Life. Applied Research Quality Life 16, 401–434 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-019-09775-4

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