Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Performance and emission reduction characteristics of cerium oxide nanoparticle-water emulsion biofuel in diesel engine with modified coated piston

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present scenario, the utilization of petroleum fuel is expanding forcefully worldwide in the vitality store and plays a highly hazardous role in the ecological system. Biofuel stands out among the most tenable keys for this issue. The lemongrass oil is used as a biofuel because of low density and viscosity when compared with diesel. The lemongrass oil is extracted by steam distillation process. In the present investigation, partially stabilized zirconium, due to its higher thermal conductivity, is selected as coating material. The top surface of the piston and the inlet and exhaust valves are coated up to the preferred thickness of 500 μm by the plasma spray technique. The lemongrass emulsion fuel is prepared in the proportion of 94% of lemongrass oil, 5% of water, and 1% of surfactant span 80. The nanoparticles of cerium oxide were used with lemongrass oil (LGO) nano-emulsion in the measurement of 30 ppm. The four-stroke diesel engine execution, ignition, and the outflow extent were contrasted in the diesel and lemongrass oil (LGO) compared with the base diesel engine. The performance characteristic curves of lemongrass-cerium oxide nano-emulsion fuel show the increase in brake thermal efficiency of 17.21% when compared with the mineral diesel fuel. The emission characteristics of lemongrass-cerium oxide nano-emulsion fuel show a drop in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission by 16.21% and 15.21%, respectively, when compared with base diesel fuel and also there is a decrease in oxides of nitrogen and smoke emission by 24.1% and 6.3%, respectively, when compared to mineral diesel fuel.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aghbashlo M (2017) A novel emulsion fuel containing aqueous nano cerium oxide additive in diesel–biodiesel blends to improve diesel engines performance and reduce exhaust emissions part II—exergetic analysis. Fuel 205:262–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M, Mohammadi P, Mirzajanzadeh M, Ardjmand M, Rashidi A (2016) Effect of an emission-reducing soluble hybrid nanocatalyst in diesel/biodiesel blends on exergetic performance of a DI diesel engine. Renew Energy 93:353–368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arockiasamy P, Anand RB (2015) Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a D.I. diesel engine fuelled with nanoparticle blended jatropha biodiesel. Period Polytech Mech Engg 59:88–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Attia AMA, Kulchitskiy AR (2014) Influence of the structure of water-in-fuel emulsion on diesel engine performance. Fuel 116:703–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.08.057

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basha JS, Anand RB (2012) Effects of nanoparticle additive in the water-diesel emulsion fuel on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine. Int J Veh Des 59:164–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basha JS, Anand RB (2014) Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using carbon nanotubes blended jatropha methyl ester emulsions. Alex Eng J 53:259–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Channappagoudra M, Ramesh K, Manavendra G (2018) Comparative investigation of the effect of hemispherical and toroidal piston bowl geometries on diesel engine combustion characteristics. Biofuel Res J 19:854–862

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen Z, Wang X, Pei Y, Zhang C, Xiao M, He J (2015) Experimental investigation of the performance and emissions of diesel engines by a novel emulsified diesel fuel. Energy Convers Manage 95:334–411

  • Devarajan Y, Munuswamy DB, Mahalingam A (2018) Influence of nano-additive on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine running on neat neem oil biodiesel. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:26267–26172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2618-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dowding JM, Dosani T, Kumar A, Seal S, Self WT (2012) Cerium oxide nanoparticles scavenge nitric oxide radical (NO). Chem Commun 48:4896–4908

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elumalai PV, Annamalai K, Lingesan S, Arularasu S, Appuraja S (2019a) Experimental investigation on lemongrass oil water emulsion in low heat rejection direct ignition diesel engine. J Test Eval 47:20170357. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20170357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elumalai PV, Annamalai K, Dhinesh B (2019b) Effects of thermal barrier coating on the performance, combustion and emission of DI diesel engine powered by biofuel oil–water emulsion. J Therm Anal Calorim 137:593–605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7948-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gumus S, Ozcan H, Ozbey M, Topaloglu B (2016) Aluminum oxide and copper oxide nanodiesel fuel properties and usage in a compression ignition engine. Fuel 163:80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.048

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurusala NK, Selvan VAM (2015) Effects of alumina nanoparticles in waste chicken fat biodiesel on the operating characteristics of a compression ignition engine. Clean Techn Environ Policy 17:681–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-014-0825-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasannuddin AK, Wira JY, Srithar R (2016) Effect of emulsion fuel on engine emissions—a review. Clean Techn Environ Policy 18:17–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-015-0986-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoang AT, Le AT (2019) Trilateral correlation of spray characteristics, combustion parameters, and deposit formation in the injector hole of a diesel engine running on preheated Jatropha oil and fossil diesel fuel. Biofuel Res J 21:909–919

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha H, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M, Khanali M, Demirbas A (2018) A comprehensive review on the environmental impacts of diesel/biodiesel additives. Energy Convers Manag 174:579–614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ithnin AM (2017) Emulsifier-free water-in-diesel emulsion fuel: its stability behaviour, engine performance and exhaust emission. Fuel 215:454–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.11.061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jayakar J, Elumalai PV, Annamalai K, Mailainathan DB, Harikrishnan G (2018) Macroscopic characteristics of palm oil and palm oil methyl ester using dimensionless analysis. J Oil Palm Res. https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2018.0000

  • Jenaa SK, Acharyaa SK, Harish CD, Pragyan P, Patnaika (2018) Investigation of the effect of FeCl3 on combustion and emission of diesel engine with thermal barrier coating. Sustain Environ Res 28:72–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serj.2017.10.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannan GR, Anand R (2011) Experimental investigation on diesel engine with diestrol–water micro emulsions. Energy 36:1680–1687

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khalife E (2017a) A novel emulsion fuel containing aqueous nano cerium oxide additive in diesel–biodiesel blends to improve diesel engines performance and reduce exhaust emissions part I—experimental analysis. Fuel 207:741–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khalife E (2017b) Impacts of additives on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines during steady state operation. Prog Energy Combust Sci 59:32–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar C, Rana KB, Tripathi B, Nayyar A (2018) Properties and effects of organic additives on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine: a comprehensive review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:22475–22498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2537-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahalingam A, Munuswamy DB, Devarajan Y, Radhakrishnan S (2018) Emission and performance analysis on the effect of exhaust gas recirculation in alcohol-biodiesel aspirated research diesel engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:12641–12647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1522-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Millo F, Debnath BK, Vlachos T, Ciaravino C, Postrioti L, Buitoni G (2015) Effects of different biofuels blends on performance and emissions 4 of an automotive diesel engine. Fuel 159:614–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.06.096

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mrad N, GeoVaruvel E, Tazerout M, Aloui F (2012) Effects of biofuel from fish oil industrial residue—diesel blends in diesel engine. Energy 44:1955–1963

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panithasan MS, Gopalakichenin D, Venkadesan G, Veeraraagavan S (2018) Impact of rice husk nanoparticle on the performance and emission aspects of a diesel engine running on blends of pine oil-diesel. Environ Sci Pollut Res 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3601-y

  • Pipitone E, Costanza A (2018) An experimental investigation on the long-term compatibility of preheated crude palm oil in a large compression ignition diesel engine. Biofuel Res J 20:900–908

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rashedul HK, Kalam MA, Masjuki HH, Teoh YH, How HG, Monirul IM, Imdadul HK (2017) Attempts to minimize nitrogen oxide emission from diesel engine by using antioxidant-treated diesel-biodiesel blend. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:9305–9313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8573-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sajith V (2010) Experimental investigations on the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticle fuel additives on biodiesel. Adv Mech Eng 2:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/581407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sajith V, Sobhan CB, Peterson GP (2010) Experimental investigations on the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticle fuel additives on biodiesel. Adv Mech Eng 2:581407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakthivel G, Nagarajan G, langkumaran M, Gaikwad AB (2014) Comparative analysis of performance, emission and combustion parameters of diesel engine fuelled with ethyl ester of fish oil and its diesel blends. Fuel 132:116–124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.04.059

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Senthil MK, Kerihuel A, Bellettre J, Tazerout M (2005) Effect of water and methanol fractions on the performance of a CI engine using animal fat emulsions as fuel. ProcIMechE Part A. J Power Energy 219:583–592

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian T, Varuvel EG, Ganapathy S, Vedharaj S, Vallinayagam R (2018) Role of fuel additives on reduction of NOX emission from a diesel engine powered by camphor oil biofuel. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:15368–15377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1745-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tabatabaei M (2015) A novel soluble nano-catalysts in diesel–biodiesel fuel blends to improve diesel engines performance and reduce exhaust emissions. Fuel 139:374–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vallinayagam R, Vedharaj S, Yang WM, Lee PS (2014) Operation of neat pine oil biofuel in a diesel engine by providing ignition assistance. Energy Convers Manag 88:1032–1040

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varuvel EG, Mrad N, Tazerout M, Aloui F (2012) Experimental analysis of biofuel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. Appl Energy 94:224–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.01.067

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang H, An K, Chou S, Vedharaji R, Vallinagam M, Balaji FEA, Mohammad KJE (2013) Emulsion fuel with novel nano-organic additives for diesel engine application. Fuel 104:726–731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.04.051

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz IT, Gumus M (2017) Investigation of the effect of biogas on combustion and emissions of TBC diesel engine. Fuel 188:69–78 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author sincerely thanks Dr. K. Annamalai, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Automobile Engineering, Anna University (MIT Campus), for his valuable guidance throughout the research work. The author also thanks Dr. V. P. Ramamoorthy, former Professor of Anna University and present Managing Trustee of Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering, for his motivation and support for the research work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering, Manimangalam, Chennai - 601 301, Tamil Nadu, India

    Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan

  2. Research Scholar, Department of Automobile Engineering, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 6000 44, India

    Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan, Arularasu Sivalingam, Appuraja Senthil Kumar, KrishnaMoorthy Ramalingam & Paul james thadhani Joshua

  3. Department of Automobile Engineering, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 6000 44, India

    Annamalai Kandhasamy

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, MepcoSchlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India

    Dhinesh Balasubramanian

Authors
  1. Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Annamalai Kandhasamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Arularasu Sivalingam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Appuraja Senthil Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. KrishnaMoorthy Ramalingam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Paul james thadhani Joshua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Dhinesh Balasubramanian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Perumal Venkatesan, E., Kandhasamy, A., Sivalingam, A. et al. Performance and emission reduction characteristics of cerium oxide nanoparticle-water emulsion biofuel in diesel engine with modified coated piston. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 27362–27371 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05773-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05773-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation