Abstract
Fast depletion of conventional automobile fuels and environmental pollution due to exhaust emission are the issues of great importance. Improvement in engine performance and emission control is quite difficult to handle simultaneously. The fuel properties can be improved substantially by incorporation of additives in different proportions to get better emission standard without deteriorating the engine performance. The aim of current study is to review/summarize the effects of various organic additives on the engine performance (i.e., brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, volumetric efficiency, etc.) and emissions (i.e., carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and other harmful compounds). The physico-chemical and combustion properties (i.e., density, latent heat, dynamic viscosity, flash point, boiling point, cetane number, oxygen content, lower heating value, auto-ignition temperature, etc.) of various additives were also discussed to check the suitability of additives with diesel. Finally, limitations and opportunities using organic additives with respect to engine performance and combustion were discussed to guide future research and improvement in this field.
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Abbreviations
- ATDC:
-
After top dead center
- BP:
-
Brake power
- BMEP:
-
Brake mean effective pressure
- BSEC:
-
Brake specific energy consumption
- BSFC:
-
Brake specific fuel consumption
- BTDC:
-
Before top dead center
- BTE:
-
Brake thermal efficiency
- °C:
-
Degree centigrade
- CA:
-
Crank angle
- CI:
-
Compression ignition
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- CR:
-
Compression ratio
- CRDI:
-
Common rail direct injection
- cSt:
-
Centistokes
- DI:
-
Direct injection
- DME:
-
Dimethyl ether
- DMF:
-
Dimethyl furan
- DNBE:
-
Di-n-buthyl ether
- EEA:
-
2-Ethoxy ethyl acetate
- EGM:
-
Ethylene glycol monoacetate
- EGR:
-
Exhaust gas recirculation
- ETBE:
-
Ethyl ter-butyl ether
- EXEE:
-
2-Ethoxy ethyl ether
- EIA:
-
Energy Information Administration
- HC:
-
Hydrocarbon
- HCCI:
-
Homogeneous charge compression ignition
- IMEP:
-
Indicated mean effective pressure
- ITE:
-
Indicated thermal efficiency
- kg:
-
Kilogram
- kJ:
-
Kilojoules
- l:
-
Liter
- m:
-
Meter
- MEA:
-
2-Methoxy ethyl acetate
- MJ:
-
Mega joule
- MPa:
-
Mega Pascal
- MT:
-
Metric tons
- MXEE:
-
2-Methoxy ethyl ether
- NE:
-
Nitroethane
- NM:
-
Nitromethane
- NOx:
-
Nitrogen oxides
- PM:
-
Particulate matter
- ppm:
-
Parts per million
- rpm:
-
Revolutions per minute
- RCCI:
-
Reactivity controlled compression ignition
- SCR:
-
Selective catalytic reduction
- TAEE:
-
Ter-amyl ethyl ether
- UHC:
-
Unburnt hydrocarbon
- ULSD:
-
Ultralow sulfur diesel
- VCR:
-
Variable compression ratio
- VE:
-
Volumetric efficiency
- μmol:
-
Micromole
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The authors are grateful to Rajasthan Technical University (RTU), Kota and Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Management and Gramothan (SKIT), Jaipur, for providing the research facility to conduct this study. Special thanks to Prof. S. L. Surana (Director Academics), Mrs. Rachna Meel (Registrar) and Prof. R. K. Pachar (Principal) SKIT, Jaipur for their kind support and motivation.
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Kumar, C., Rana, K.B., Tripathi, B. et al. Properties and effects of organic additives on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine: a comprehensive review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 22475–22498 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2537-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2537-6