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Research on the Reduction Performance of Surface Runoff Pollution Through Permeable Pavement with Different Structures

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Abstract

Permeable pavements (PPs) are used to address water quality impacts from urban roads. However, the effectiveness of different structure combinations in removing runoff pollutants throughout the permeable system remains unclear. In this study, 26 PP structures were tested to investigate their pollutant removal efficiency by the self-developed laboratory apparatus to provide a quantitative understanding of these combinations. The results showed PP was the most effective in removing total suspended solids (TSS) and lead (Pb) among all pollutants studied, with maximum removal rates of 91% and 96%, respectively. PP also can remove ammonia (NH4+-N), nitrogen (TN), phosphorous (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to some extent; the removal rate was 1 ~ 36%. Furthermore, the pollutant removal efficiency was not dependent on a simple stacked combination of structures or materials. The combined surface structure of permeable asphalt mixture (PAM) and permeable cement concrete (PCC) was more effective in removing runoff pollutants than a single surface structure of the same thickness, and the optimal surface layer thickness (8 cm) and base course thickness (26 cm) of PCC were recommended respectively. Based on experiment findings, the relationships between TSS removal rates and the other six pollutants were established, and independent target pollutants removal rates (75%, 80%, 85%) based on TSS were selected for proposing a series of PP structures and thicknesses. The insights generated from this study will help in the design and implementation of PP for runoff pollution abatement.

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Data Availability Statement

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Funding

The research was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52078051), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (310821163502), the Xixian New District Management Committee of Shaanxi Province (2017 44), the Science and Technology Bureau of Pingdingshan of China (2018610002000604), and the Transportation Department of Zhuhai (JT-HG-2020–21).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Special Region Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Mid-South Erhuan Road, X’an, 710064, Shaanxi, China

    Mulian Zheng & Wang Chen

  2. Railway Engineering Consulting Group Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100020, China

    Qian Gao

  3. Guangzhou Branch, Butler (Shanghai) Co.Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510700, China

    Shan Liu

  4. The Technology Research Center for Sponge City, Fengxi New City Development and Construction Group Co., Ltd. of Shaanxi Xixian New Area, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China

    Chaoxian Deng & Yue Ma

  5. Shaanxi Xi-Xian New Area Sponge City Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China

    Guoqiang Ji

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  1. Mulian Zheng
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Correspondence to Mulian Zheng.

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Zheng, M., Chen, W., Gao, Q. et al. Research on the Reduction Performance of Surface Runoff Pollution Through Permeable Pavement with Different Structures. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 147 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05619-4

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