Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the anesthetic activity of Ocimum basilicum essential oil and the distribution and depletion of its major compounds in different tissues of the pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Juveniles (319.08 ± 9.14 g) were individually anesthetized with six concentrations of essential oil from O. basilicum (150, 180, 210, 240, 270, and 300 mg L−1), while in a second experiment, fish (492.39 ± 51.51 g) were subjected to a 10 min immersion bath with essential oil from O. basilicum (300 mg L−1). After anesthetic recovery, blood and tissue samples of the brain, gills, liver, spleen, and white muscle were collected at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 24 h. A 300 mg L−1 concentration induced anesthesia in the shortest time (193.11 ± 9.31), while at 270 and 300 mg L−1 concentrations, the anesthetic recovery period was the longest (244.33 ± 12.44) Methyl chavicol and linalool were quantified in all tissue samples. The plasma concentrations of methyl chavicol differed (p < 0.05) at all evaluated times. Linalool decreased (p < 0.05) from 0 to 1 h and decreased again only after 12 h. Reduction percentages in 24 h were 92.9% for methyl chavicol, and 97.2% for linalool. Elimination of the compounds methyl chavicol and linalool is slower in the gills, where lower elimination constants (0.03 and 0.15 per h) and longer half-lives (25.84 and 4.53 h), respectively, are noted. In general, essential oil from O. basilicum compounds was readily eliminated, showing promising potential for use as an anesthetic in aquaculture.
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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
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Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the scholarship awarded to ASV (150256/2023–0), CALC (process 312671/2021–0), GTJ (314239/2020–0).
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Arlene Sobrinho Ventura- Data curation; Formal analysis; Investigation; Methodology; Validation; Visualization; Writing—original draft; Writing—review & editing. Ruy Alberto Caetano Corrêa Filho- Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso- Investigation; Funding acquisition; Methodology; Visualization; Writing—original draft; Writing—review & editing; Giovanna Rodrigues Stringhetta- Writing—original draft; Investigation; Methodology; Lucas de Oliveira Brasileiro- Data curation; Juliana Silva Ribeiro- Data curation; Scheila Anelise Pereira- Methodology; Formal analysis; Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo- Formal analysis; Investigation; Visualization; Writing—original draft; Writing—review & editing Jayme Aparecido Povh- Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Writing—original draft; Writing—review & editing.
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All the procedures performed were in accordance with the Brazilian National Council for Control of Animal Experimentation and the experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), under protocol 976/2018.
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Ventura, A.S., Corrêa Filho, R.A.C., Cardoso, C.A.L. et al. Ocimum basilicum essential oil in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus: anesthetic efficacy, distribution, and depletion in different tissues. Vet Res Commun 48, 685–694 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-023-10225-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-023-10225-8