Abstract
Due to the concrete slope protection projects conducted around urban rivers in many megalopolises, increased attention has been paid to fish biodiversity losses accompanying urban development. Hatchery technology is a promising method for restoring fisheries where spawning substrates are degraded and/or lacking. In the current study, a Phragmites australis stereo artificial floating wetland (SAFW) was constructed in an urban river (Tuanwang River, Shanghai), and palm sheets were laid under the SAFW frame to imitate the spawning grounds for phytophilous fish. Fish species with five spawning types were distinguished from nineteen fish species in the study area. After viscid eggs were found to be attached to the palm sheets, the eggs were distinguished by the subunit of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I gene. All of the eggs belonged to six fish species: Culter ilishaeformis, Cyprinus carpio, Cyprinus auratus, Cultrichthys erythropterus, Rhodeus sinensis, and Hemiculter leucisculus. Cyprinus auratus and Cyprinus carpio accounted for the vast majority, and the number of these species was significantly greater than that of the other species. Dissolved oxygen and light intensity at the water surface were significantly higher than those at the deep water sites (p < 0.05), and all viscid eggs were inclined to be distributed at water depths of -0.5 and − 1.5 m. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that both water depth and dissolved oxygen were the main environmental variables in all spawning periods. The current study suggested that the relatively inexpensive P. australis SAFW was a useful hatchery technology for creating spawning grounds for phytophilous fish in urban rivers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmed MB, Zhou JL, Ngo HH, Guo W (2015) Adsorptive removal of antibiotics from water and wastewater: progress and challenges. Sci Total Environ 532:112–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.130
Al Bitar L, Gorb SN, Zebitz CPW, Voigt D (2012) Egg adhesion of the codling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) to various substrates: I. Leaf surfaces of different apple cultivars. Arthropod Plant Interact 6:471–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-012-9198-z
Albers JL, Wildhaber ML (2017) Reproductive strategy, spawning induction, spawning temperatures and early life history of captive sicklefin chub Macrhybopsis meeki. J Fish Biol. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13329
Baattrup-Pedersen A, Larsen SE, Riis T (2002) Long-term effects of stream management on plant communities in two Danish lowland streams. Hydrobiologia 481:33–45. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021296519187
Blackburn TM et al (2011) A proposed unified framework for biological invasions. Trends Ecol Evol 26:333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.023
Caffrey JM (1993) Aquatic plant management in relation to Irish recreational fisheries development. J Aquat Plant Manag 31:162–168
Caffrey JM (1996) Glyphosate in fisheries management. Hydrobiologia 340:259–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00012765
Caffrey JM, Beglin T (1996) Bankside stabilisation through reed transplantation in a newly constructed Irish canal habitat. Hydrobiologia 340:349–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00012780
Cazzanelli M, Warming TP, Christoffersen KS (2008) Emergent and floating-leaved macrophytes as refuge for zooplankton in a eutrophic temperate lake without submerged vegetation. Hydrobiologia 605:113–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9324-1
Cech M, Peterka J, Riha M, Juza T, Kubecka J (2009) Distribution of egg strands of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) with respect to depth and spawning substrate. Hydrobiologia 630:105–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9783-z
Cech M, Vejrik L, Peterka J, Riha M, Muska M, Juza T, Drastik V, Kratochvil M, Kubecka J (2012) The use of artificial spawning substrates in order to understand the factors influencing the spawning site selection, depth of egg strands deposition and hatching time of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). J Limnol 71(1):170–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9783-z
Clarke K (1993) Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Aust J Ecol 18:117–143
Clavero M, Blanco-Garrido F, Prenda J (2005) Fish-habitat relationships and fish conservation in small coastal streams in southern Spain. Aquat Conserv Mar Freshwat Ecosyst 15:415–426. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.679
Coissac E, Hollingsworth PM, Lavergne S, Taberlet P (2016) From barcodes to genomes: extending the concept of DNA barcoding. Mol Ecol 25:1423–1428. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13549
Cristofor S, Vadineanu A, Sarbu A, Postolache C, Dobre R, Adamescu M (2003) Long-term changes of submerged macrophytes in the Lower Danube wetland system. Hydrobiologia 506:625–634. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:hydr.0000008601.16757.35
Duckworth RA, Badyaev AV (2007) Coupling of dispersal and aggression facilitates the rapid range expansion of a passerine bird. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:15017–15022. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706174104
Estlander S, Nurminen L, Olin M, Vinni M, Horppila J (2009) Seasonal fluctuations in macrophyte cover and water transparency of four brown-water lakes: implications for crustacean zooplankton in littoral and pelagic habitats. Hydrobiologia 620:109–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9621-8
Ficetola GF, Siesa ME, De Bernardi F, Padoa-Schioppa E (2012) Complex impact of an invasive crayfish on freshwater food webs. Biodivers Conserv 21:2641–2651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0323-1
Giblin SM, Houser JN, Sullivan JF, Langrehr HA, Rogala JT, Campbell BD (2014) Thresholds in the response of free-floating plant abundance to variation in hydraulic connectivity, nutrients, and macrophyte abundance in a large floodplain river. Wetlands 34:413–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0508-8
Gillet C, Lang C, Dubois JP (2013) Fluctuations of perch populations in Lake Geneva from 1984 to 2011 estimated from the number and size of egg strands collected in two locations exposed to different fishing. Fisheries Manag Ecol 20:484–493. https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12037
Godwin BL, Albeke SE, Bergman HL, Walters A, Ben-David M (2015) Density of river otters (Lontra canadensis) in relation to energy development in the Green River Basin, Wyoming. Sci Total Environ 532:780–790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.058
Haase P, Hering D, Jaehnig SC, Lorenz AW, Sundermann A (2013) The impact of hydromorphological restoration on river ecological status: a comparison of fish, benthic invertebrates, and macrophytes. Hydrobiologia 704:475–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-012-1255-1
Hayes KR, Barry SC (2008) Are there any consistent predictors of invasion success? Biol Invasions 10:483–506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-007-9146-5
Hebert PDN, Ratnasingham S, deWaard JR (2003) Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 270:S96–S99. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025
Huang X, Zhao F, Song C, Gao Y, Geng Z, Zhuang P (2017) Effects of stereoscopic artificial floating wetlands on nekton abundance and biomass in the Yangtze Estuary. Chemosphere 183:510–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.091
Jacobs AE, Harrison JA (2014) Effects of floating vegetation on denitrification, nitrogen retention, and greenhouse gas production in wetland microcosms. Biogeochemistry 119:51–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-013-9947-9
Johnson E, Austin BJ, Inlander E, Gallipeau C, Evans-White MA, Entrekin S (2015) Stream macroinvertebrate communities across a gradient of natural gas development in the Fayetteville Shale. Sci Total Environ 530–531:323–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.027
Knaepkens G, Bruyndoncx L, Coeck J, Eens M (2004) Spawning habitat enhancement in the European bullhead (Cottus gobio), an endangered freshwater fish in degraded lowland rivers. Biodivers Conserv 13:2443–2452. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:bioc.0000048448.17230.40
Kobayashi M, Kuroyanagi H, Otomo S, Hayakawa Y (2008) Involvement of aquatic plants in the spawning behaviour of goldfish and crucian carp. Cybium 32:310–311
Linh N, Paul C, Mamonekene V, Bartsch P, Tiedemann R, Kirschbaum F (2017) Reproduction and development in some species of the weakly electric genus Campylomormyrus (Mormyridae, Teleostei). Environ Biol Fishes 100(1):49–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-016-0554-1
Lorenzen K (2014) Understanding and managing enhancements: why fisheries scientists should care. J Fish Biol 85(6):1807–1829. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12573
Matheson FE, Sukias JP (2010) Nitrate removal processes in a constructed wetland treating drainage from dairy pasture. Ecol Eng 36:1260–1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.05.005
Nash KT, Hendry K, Cragg-Hine D (1999) The use of brushwood bundles as fish spawning media. Fisheries Manag Ecol 6:349–355. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.1999.00153.x
Nielsen ML, Fischer S, Hogsborg E, Therkelsen K (1983) Adhesives for retaining prefixed urothelial cells on slides after imprinting from cellulosic filters. Acta Cytol 27:371–375
Noble RAA, Harvey JP, Cowx IG (2004) Can management of freshwater fish populations be used to protect and enhance the conservation status of a rare, fish-eating bird, the bittern, Botaurus stellaris, in the UK? Fish Manag Ecol 11:291–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00391.x
O’Hanley JR, Wright J, Diebel M, Fedora MA, Soucy CL (2013) Restoring stream habitat connectivity: a proposed method for prioritizing the removal of resident fish passage barriers. J Environ Manag 125:19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.055
Pedicillo G, Merulli F, Carosi A, Viali P, Lorenzoni M (2008) The use of artificial spawning substrates as media to support the reproduction of Eurasian perch in Lake Piediluco. Hydrobiologia 609:219–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9415-z
Penha J, Fernandes IM, Suarez YR, Lima Silveira RM, Florentino AC, Mateus L (2014) Assessing the potential of a protected area for fish conservation in a neotropical wetland. Biodivers Conserv 23:3185–3198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0773-8
Pont D, Logez M, Carrel G, Rogers C, Haidvogl G (2015) Historical change in fish species distribution: shifting reference conditions and global warming effects. Aquat Sci 77:441–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-014-0386-z
Rach J, DeSalle R, Sarkar IN, Schierwater B, Hadrys H (2008) Character-based DNA barcoding allows discrimination of genera, species and populations in Odonata. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 275:237–247. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1290
Rosenfeld J, Hogan D, Palm D, Lundquist H, Nilsson C, Beechie TJ (2011) Contrasting landscape influences on sediment supply and stream restoration priorities in northern Fennoscandia (Sweden and Finland) and coastal British Columbia. Environ Manag 47:28–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9585-0
Salmon C, Crabos JL, Sambuco JP, Bessiere JM, Basseres A, Caumette P, Baccou JC (1998) Artificial wetland performances in the purification efficiency of hydrocarbon wastewater. Water Air Soil Pollut 104:313–329. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004928009345
Sandstrom A, Karas P (2002) Tests of artificial substrata as nursery habitat for young fish. J Appl Ichthyol 18:102–105. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00308.x
Santos LN, Araujo FG, Brotto DS (2008) Artificial structures as tools for fish habitat rehabilitation in a neotropical reservoir. Aquat Conserv Mar Freshwat Ecosyst 18:896–908. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.931
Santos LN, Agostinho AA, Alcaraz C, Carol J, Santos AFGN, Tedesco P, Garcia-Berthou E (2011) Artificial macrophytes as fish habitat in a Mediterranean reservoir subjected to seasonal water level disturbances. Aquat Sci 73:43–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-010-0158-3
Schmidt JH, Flamme MJ, Walker J (2014) Habitat use and population status of yellow-billed and pacific loons in western alaska, USA. Condor 116(3):483–492. https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-14-28.1
Schneider B (2000) Spawning microhabitat selection by brown trout in the Linthkanal, a mid-sized river. J Freshw Ecol 15:181–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2000.9663735
Seo EY, Kwon OB, Choi SI, Kim JH, Ahn TS (2013) Installation of an artificial vegetating island in oligomesotrophic Lake Paro Korea. Scientific World J. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/857670
Shan X, Jin X, Yuan W (2010) Fish assemblage structure in the hypoxic zone in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and its adjacent waters Chinese. J Oceanol Limnol 28:459–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-010-9102-6
Taylor MD, Chick RC, Lorenzen K, Agnalt AL, Leber KM, Blankenship HL, Haegen GV, Loneragan NR (2017) Fisheries enhancement and restoration in a changing world. Fish Res 186:407–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2016.10.004
Valentini A, Pompanon F, Taberlet P (2009) DNA barcoding for ecologists. Trends Ecol Evol 24:110–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.09.011
Wang J et al (2016) A framework for the assessment of the spatial and temporal patterns of threatened coastal delphinids. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19883
Warfe DM, Hardie SA, Uytendaal AR, Bobbi CJ, Barmuta LA (2014) The ecology of rivers with contrasting flow regimes: identifying indicators for setting environmental flows. Freshw Biol 59:2064–2080. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12407
White SL, Gowan C, Fausch KD, Harris JG, Saunders WC (2011) Response of trout populations in five Colorado streams two decades after habitat manipulation Canadian. J Fish Aquat Sci 68:2057–2063. https://doi.org/10.1139/f2011-125
Winfield IJ (2004) Fish in the littoral zone: ecology, threats and management. Limnologica 34:124–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0075-9511(04)80031-8
Wurtsbaugh WA et al (2015) Approaches for studying fish production: do river and lake researchers have different perspectives? Can J Fish Aquat Sci 72:149–160. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0210
Xia S,Wang YY, Lei G, Liu Y, Lei JY, YuXB,Wen L, Zhou YM (2017) Restriction of herbivorous waterbird distributions in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain in view of hydrological isolation. Wetlands 37:79–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0841-9
Xu W, Qiao Y, Chen XJ, Cai YP, Yang Z, Liu HG (2015) Spawning activity of the four major Chinese carps in the middle mainstream of the Yangtze River, during the Three Gorges Reservoir operation period. China J Appl Ichthyol 31:846–854. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12771
Xu Q, Wu D, Dang Y, Yu L, Liu C, Wang J (2017) Reproduction impairment and endocrine disruption in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) after waterborne exposure to tboep. Aquat Toxicol 182:163–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.11.019
Yang X, Lu XX (2012) Model of water regulation in the Yangtze River Basin and its effects using remote sensing techniques. In: Collins AL, Golosov V, Horowitz AJ, Lu X, Stone M, Walling DE, Zhang XB (eds) Erosion and sediment yields in the changing environment, vol 356. IAHS Publication, Chengdu, pp 235–243
Zhang Y, Xie X, Jiao N, Hsiao SSY, Kao SJ (2014) Diversity and distribution of amoA-type nitrifying and nirS-type denitrifying microbial communities in the Yangtze River estuary. Biogeosciences 11:2131–2145. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2131-2014
Zivna D, Plhalova L, Chromcova L, Blahova J, Prokes M, Skoric M, Marsalek P, Praskova E, Stepanova S, Svobodova Z (2016) The effects of ciprofloxacin on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Environ Toxicol Chem 35(7):1733–1740. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3317
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by (1) the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M632887); (2) the special ecological restoration of the adjacent waters about Qingcaosha Reservoir at Shanghai Technology, China (2013–2016); and (3) the study of key technology of restoration and reconstruction of fish in the Yangtze Estuary (2637). We would like to thank laboratory helpers from the Key Laboratory of Fisheries Ecology of the Yangtze Estuary, CAFS. East China Sea Fisheries Research of Agriculture and wildlife service for support. Finally, we are also grateful for the comments by the anonymous reviewers.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, X., Zhao, F., Song, C. et al. Hatchery technology restores the spawning ground of phytophilic fish in the urban river of Yangtze Estuary, China. Urban Ecosyst 23, 1087–1098 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-020-00971-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-020-00971-x