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Contrasting Landscape Influences on Sediment Supply and Stream Restoration Priorities in Northern Fennoscandia (Sweden and Finland) and Coastal British Columbia

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Abstract

Sediment size and supply exert a dominant control on channel structure. We review the role of sediment supply in channel structure, and how regional differences in sediment supply and landuse affect stream restoration priorities. We show how stream restoration goals are best understood within a common fluvial geomorphology framework defined by sediment supply, storage, and transport. Landuse impacts in geologically young landscapes with high sediment yields (e.g., coastal British Columbia) typically result in loss of instream wood and accelerated sediment inputs from bank erosion, logging roads, hillslopes and gullies. In contrast, northern Sweden and Finland are landscapes with naturally low sediment yields caused by low relief, resistant bedrock, and abundant mainstem lakes that act as sediment traps. Landuse impacts involved extensive channel narrowing, removal of obstructions, and bank armouring with boulders to facilitate timber floating, thereby reducing sediment supply from bank erosion while increasing export through higher channel velocities. These contrasting landuse impacts have pushed stream channels in opposite directions (aggradation versus degradation) within a phase-space defined by sediment transport and supply. Restoration in coastal British Columbia has focused on reducing sediment supply (through bank and hillslope stabilization) and restoring wood inputs. In contrast, restoration in northern Fennoscandia (Sweden and Finland) has focused on channel widening and removal of bank-armouring boulders to increase sediment supply and retention. These contrasting restoration priorities illustrate the consequences of divergent regional landuse impacts on sediment supply, and the utility of planning restoration activities within a mechanistic sediment supply-transport framework.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Swedish Foundation for Internationalisation of Higher Education and Research (STINT) for providing funds for the collaboration that led to this publication. Several anonymous reviewers and in particular Kyle Young provided helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fisheries Science Section, British Columbia Ministry of Environment, 2202 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Jordan Rosenfeld

  2. Research Section, BC Minstry of Forests, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Daniel Hogan

  3. Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden

    Daniel Palm & Hans Lundquist

  4. Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Landscape Ecology Group, Umea, Sweden

    Christer Nilsson

  5. Watershed Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA

    Timothy J. Beechie

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  1. Jordan Rosenfeld
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  2. Daniel Hogan
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Correspondence to Jordan Rosenfeld.

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Rosenfeld, J., Hogan, D., Palm, D. et al. Contrasting Landscape Influences on Sediment Supply and Stream Restoration Priorities in Northern Fennoscandia (Sweden and Finland) and Coastal British Columbia. Environmental Management 47, 28–39 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9585-0

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