Abstract
This research presents the conceptualization and validation of a new scale assessing a multidimensional perspective on well-being named “Optimal Functioning in Society” (OFIS; Vallerand, 2013). The concept of OFIS refers to high levels of psychological, physical, and relational well-being, high performance in one’s main field of endeavor, and contribution to society. Three studies conducted with workers (Study 1 & 3) and students (Study 2) supported the psychometric properties (i.e., factor structure, reliability, convergent validity, temporal consistency) of the OFIS scale. Further, two assessments of its nomological validity were conducted. In line with the Self-Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2017), Study 2 showed that altogether the three basic psychological needs were positively related to optimal functioning. Further, based on the Dualistic Model of Passion (Vallerand, 2015), Study 3 investigated longitudinal associations between passion and optimal functioning, and showed a nuanced role of harmonious and obsessive passion in the promotion of optimal functioning. Finally, the OFIS scale was found to be invariant across occupations, age, gender, and relationship status. Altogether, results from these studies support the psychometric properties of the OFIS scale.
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Notes
We contemplated the possibility that romantic and non-romantic relationships would be represented as a single factor. However, none of the EFA solutions presented a pattern where they were combined. From an empirical standpoint, they seem to represent qualitatively different foci of social well-being.
In Study 3, relationship status was only included at time 2. Thus, data from the second wave was used in the present analysis. Supplementary multigroup analyses comparing participants from Studies 1, 2, and 3 (T1) between occupations, genders, and age groups yielded identical conclusions. See the online supplement for the results.
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This research was facilitated by grants from the Canada Research Chair, the Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) and by the Fonds de Recherche sur la Société et la Culture (FQRSC) awarded to the second author.
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All authors contributed to the theoretical conception and design of this research. Data collection was performed by R.J.V., J.V.F., and L.A.C.-P., L.A.C.-P. performed the analysis and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the revision and the improvement of the manuscript.
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Chénard-Poirier, L.A., Vallerand, R.J., Verner-Filion, J. et al. Optimal Functioning in Society: A Conceptualization, a Measure, and a Look at Determinants. J Happiness Stud 24, 857–892 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-023-00617-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-023-00617-7