Abstract
Nanoporous metals and nanoporous metal oxide-based materials are representative type of porous and nanosized structure materials. They have many excellent performances (e.g., unique pore structure, large clear surface area and high electrical conductivity) to be prodigiously promising potentials, for a variety of significant applications (e.g., energy storage, sensing and catalysis). Therefore, this review summarized the recent advances in the development of nanoporous metals/metal oxide-based materials, with special emphasis on superior electrochemical applications: supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, sensing, electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. The significant and representative studies in each area are comprehensively reviewed and discussed as a reference for researchers working in related areas. We also outline the key challenges and future opportunities in this exciting field.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zhang J, Li CM (2012) Nanoporous metals: fabrication strategies and advanced electrochemical applications in catalysis, sensing and energy systems. Chem Soc Rev 41:7016–7031
Qiu HJ, Xu HT, Liu L, Wang Y (2014) Correlation of the structure and applications of dealloyed nanoporous metals in catalysis and energy conversion/storage. Nanoscale 7:386–400
Bae JH, Han JH, Chung TD (2012) Electrochemistry at nanoporous interfaces: new opportunity for electrocatalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 14:448–463
Qiao Y, Li CM (2010) Nanostructured catalysts in fuel cells. J Mater Chem 21:4027–4036
Zheng XT, Li CM (2012) Single cell analysis at the nanoscale. Chem Soc Rev 41:2061–2071
Lang X, Hirata A, Fujita T, Chen M (2011) Nanoporous metal/oxide hybrid electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors. Nat Nanotechnol 6:232–236
Jiang LB, Yuan XZ, Liang J, Zhang J, Wang H, Zeng GM (2016) Nanostructured core-shell electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors. J Power Sources 331:408–425
Ding Y, Zhang Z (2016) Nanoporous metals for supercapacitor applications. Springer, Berlin, pp 137–173
Zhang J, Zhao XS (2012) On the configuration of supercapacitors for maximizing electrochemical performance. Chemsuschem 5:818–841
Zhang J, Jiang J, Zhao XS (2011) Synthesis and capacitive properties of manganese oxide nanosheets dispersed on functionalized graphene sheets. J Phys Chem C 115:6448–6454
Xu J, Lan G, Cao J, Wang W, Chen Z (2010) Preparation and electrochemical capacitance of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanotubes as supercapacitor material. Electrochim Acta 56:732–736
Qiu HJ, Kang JL, Liu P, Hirata A, Fujita T, Chen MW (2014) Fabrication of large-scale nanoporous nickel with a tunable pore size for energy storage. J Power Sources 247:896–905
Attard GS, Wang JH (1997) Mesoporous platinum films from lyotropic liquid crystalline phases. Science 278:838–840
Kim SI, Kim SW, Jung K, Kim JB, Jang JH (2016) Ideal nanoporous gold based supercapacitors with theoretical capacitance and high energy/power density. Nano Energy 24:17–24
Kertis F, Snyder J, Govada L, Khurshid S, Chayen N, Erlebacher J (2010) Structure/processing relationships in the fabrication of nanoporous gold. JOM 62:50–56
Chen T, Wang G, Ning Q (2017) Rationally designed three-dimensional NiMoO4/Polypyrrole core-shell nanostructures for high-performance supercapacitors. NANO 114:6–9
Prasad KPS, Dhawale DS, Sivakumar T et al (2011) Fabrication and textural characterization of nanoporous carbon electrodes embedded with CuO nanoparticles for supercapacitors. Sci Technol Adv Mater 12:044602
Patake VD, Joshi SS, Lokhande CD, Joo OS (2009) Electrodeposited porous and amorphous copper oxide film for application in supercapacitor. Mater Chem Phys 114:6–9
Dubal DP, Dhawale DS, Salunkhe RR, Jamdade VS, Lokhande CD (2010) Fabrication of copper oxide multilayer nanosheets for supercapacitor application. J Alloy Compd 492:26–30
Chen PC, Hsieh SJ, Zou J, Chen CC (2014) Selectively dealloyed Ti/TiO2 network nanostructures for supercapacitor application. Mater Lett 133:175–178
Ambade RB, Ambade SB, Shrestha NK et al (2016) Controlled growth of polythiophene nanofibers in TiO2 nanotube arrays for supercapacitor applications. J Mater Chem A 5:172–180
Meng F, Ding Y (2011) Sub-micrometer-thick all-solid-state supercapacitors with high power and energy densities. Adv Mater 23:4098–4102
Xie X, Zhang C, Wu MB, Tao Y, Lv W, Yang QH (2013) Porous MnO2 for use in a high performance supercapacitor: replication of a 3D graphene network as a reactive template. Chem Commun 49:11092–11094
Wang H, Yuan X, Zeng G et al (2015) Three dimensional graphene based materials: synthesis and applications from energy storage and conversion to electrochemical sensor and environmental remediation. Cheminform 221:41–59
Cottineau T, Toupin M, Delahaye T, Brousse T, Bélanger D (2006) Nanostructured transition metal oxides for aqueous hybrid electrochemical supercapacitors. Appl Phys A 82:599–606
Tarascon JM, Armand M (2001) Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature 414:359–367
Hou C, Lang XY, Han GF et al (2013) Integrated solid/nanoporous copper/oxide hybrid bulk electrodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Sci Rep 3:2878
Feng X, Cui H, Li Z, Miao R, Yan N (2017) Scalable synthesis of dual-carbon enhanced silicon-suboxide/silicon composite as anode for lithium ion batteries. NANO 12:1793–7094
Liu S, Feng J, Bian X, Qian Y, Liu J, Xu H (2015) Nanoporous germanium as high-capacity lithium-ion battery anode. Nano Energy 13:651–657
Lian P, Zhu X, Liang S, Li Z, Yang W, Wang H (2010) Large reversible capacity of high quality graphene sheets as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 55:3909–3914
Kunduraci M (2016) Dealloying technique in the synthesis of lithium-ion battery anode materials. J Solid State Electrochem 20:2105–2111
Liu W, Chen L, Yan J, Li N, Shi S, Zhang S (2015) Nanoporous copper from dual-phase alloy families and its technology application in lithium ion batteries. Corros Rev 33:203–231
Zhang S, Xing Y, Jiang T et al (2011) A three-dimensional tin-coated nanoporous copper for lithium-ion battery anodes. J Power Sources 196:6915–6919
Zhou S, Yang X, Lin Y, Xie J, Wang D (2012) A nanonet-enabled Li ion battery cathode material with high power rate, high capacity, and long cycle lifetime. ACS Nano 6:919–924
Guan H, Wang X, Li H et al (2012) CoO octahedral nanocages for high-performance lithium ion batteries. Chem Commun 48:4878–4880
Liu J, Song K, Zhu C et al (2014) Ge/C nanowires as high-capacity and long-life anode materials for Li-ion batteries. ACS Nano 8:7051–7059
Chan CK, Peng H, Liu G et al (2007) High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires. Nat Nanotechnol 3:187–191
Cui G, Gu L, Zhi L et al (2008) A germanium-carbon nanocomposite material for lithium batteries. Adv Mater 20:3079–3083
Cui G, Lin G, Kaskhedikar N, Aken PAV, Maier J (2010) A novel germanium/carbon nanotubes nanocomposite for lithium storage material. Electrochim Acta 55:985–988
Jankiewicz BJ, Jamiola D, Choma J, Jaroniec M (2012) Silica-metal core-shell nanostructures. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 170:28–47
Seo MH, Park M, Lee KT, Kim K, Kim J, Cho J (2011) High performance Ge nanowire anode sheathed with carbon for lithium rechargeable batteries. Energy Environ Sci 4:425–428
Liu D, Yang Z, Wang P, Li F, Wang D, He D (2013) Preparation of 3D nanoporous copper-supported cuprous oxide for high-performance lithium ion battery anodes. Nanoscale 5:1917–1921
Wada T, Yamada J, Kato H (2016) Preparation of three-dimensional nanoporous Si using dealloying by metallic melt and application as a lithium-ion rechargeable battery negative electrode. J Power Sources 306:8–16
Erlebacher J (2009) Hard materials with tunable porosity. MRS Bull 34:561–568
Wada T, Ichitsubo T, Yubuta K, Segawa H, Yoshida H, Kato H (2014) Bulk-nanoporous-silicon negative electrode with extremely high cyclability for lithium-ion batteries prepared using a top-down process. Nano Lett 14:4505–4510
Dallas P, Sharma VK, Zboril R (2011) Silver polymeric nanocomposites as advanced antimicrobial agents: classification, synthetic paths, applications, and perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 166:119–135
Guo X, Han J, Zhang L et al (2015) Nanoporous metal recuperated MnO2 anode for lithium ion batteries. Nanoscale 7:15111–15116
Chan CK, Zhang XF, Cui Y (2008) High capacity Li ion battery anodes using Ge nanowires. Nano Lett 8:307–309
Jayaprakash N, Jones WD, Moganty SS, Archer LA (2012) Composite lithium battery anodes based on carbon@Co3O4 nanostructures: synthesis and characterization. J Power Sources 200:53–58
Tang Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Ma B, Chen X (2015) Rational material design for ultrafast rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Chem Soc Rev 44:5926–5940
Paques JP, van der Linden E, van Rijn CJ, Sagis LM (2014) Preparation methods of alginate nanoparticles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 209:163–171
Liu B, Zhang J, Wang X et al (2012) Hierarchical three-dimensional ZnCo2O4 nanowire arrays/carbon cloth anodes for a novel class of high-performance flexible lithium-ion batteries. Nano Lett 12:3005–3011
Luo W, Hu X, Sun Y, Huang Y (2012) Electrospun porous ZnCo2O4 nanotubes as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem 22:8916–8921
Yang SJ, Nam S, Kim T et al (2013) Preparation and exceptional lithium anodic performance of porous carbon-coated ZnO quantum dots derived from a metal-organic framework. J Am Chem Soc 135:7394–7397
Zou F, Hu X, Li Z et al (2014) MOF-derived porous ZnO/ZnFe2O4/C octahedra with hollow interiors for high-rate lithium-ion batteries. Adv Mater 26:6622–6628
Xu C, Sun F, Gao H, Wang J (2013) Nanoporous platinum-cobalt alloy for electrochemical sensing for ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, and glucose. Anal Chim Acta 780:20–27
Lu LM, Zhang XB, Shen GL, Yu RQ (2012) Seed-mediated synthesis of copper nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes and their application in nonenzymatic glucose biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 715:99–104
Wierzbicka E, Sulka GD (2016) Nanoporous spongelike Au–Ag films for electrochemical epinephrine sensing. J Electroanal Chem 762:43–50
Kanwar M, Irvin CB, Frank JJ, Weber K, Rosman H (2010) Confusion about epinephrine dosing leading to iatrogenic overdose: a life-threatening problem with a potential solution. Ann Emerg Med 55:341–344
Solich P, Polydorou CK, Koupparis MA, Efstathiou CE (2000) Automated flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of catecholamines (epinephrine and isoproterenol) in pharmaceutical formulations based on ferrous complex formation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 22:781–789
Sabbioni C, Saracino MA, Mandrioli R et al (2004) Simultaneous liquid chromatographic analysis of catecholamines and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylene glycol in human plasma: comparison of amperometric and coulometric detection. J Chromatogr A 1032:65–71
Tang D, Yuan R, Chai Y, An H (2010) Magnetic-core/porous-shell CoFe2O4/SiO2 composite nanoparticles as immobilized affinity supports for clinical immunoassays. Adv Funct Mater 17:976–982
Ramgir NS, Yang Y, Zacharias M (2010) Nanowire-based sensors. Small 6:1705–1722
Umasankar Y, Chen SM (2008) A review on the electrochemical sensors and biosensors composed of nanowires as sensing material. Sensors 8:290–313
Meng F, Yan X, Liu J, Gu J, Zou Z (2011) Nanoporous gold as non-enzymatic sensor for hydrogen peroxide. Electrochim Acta 56:4657–4662
Zhang C, Lai C, Zeng G et al (2016) Nanoporous Au-based chronocoulometric aptasensor for amplified detection of Pb(2 +) using DNAzyme modified with Au nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 81:61–67
Zhou Y, Tang L, Zeng G et al (2015) A novel biosensor for silver(I) ion detection based on nanoporous gold and duplex-like DNA scaffolds with anionic intercalator. RSC Adv 5:69738–69744
Rui Q, Komori K, Tian Y, Liu H, Luo Y, Sakai Y (2010) Electrochemical biosensor for the detection of H2O2 from living cancer cells based on ZnO nanosheets. Anal Chim Acta 670:57–62
Zhang J, Li J, Yang F, Zhang B, Yang X (2010) Pt nanoparticles-assisted electroless deposition of Prussian blue on the electrode: detection of H2O2 with tunable sensitivity. J Electroanal Chem 638:173–177
Jia LP, Wang HS (2013) Preparation and application of a highly sensitive nonenzymatic ethanol sensor based on nickel nanoparticles/Nafion/graphene composite film. Sens Actuators B Chem 177:1035–1042
Li C, Su Y, Lv X, Zuo Y, Yang X, Wang Y (2012) Au@Pd core-shell nanoparticles: a highly active electrocatalyst for amperometric gaseous ethanol sensors. Sens Actuators B Chem 171–172:1192–1198
Campanella L, Capesciotti GS (2008) An innovative organic phase enzyme electrode (OPEE) for the determination of ethanol in leadless petrols. Sens Actuators B Chem 147:78–86
Cabaleiro N, de la Calle I, Bendicho C, Lavilla I (2012) Enzymatic single-drop microextraction for the assay of ethanol in alcohol-free cosmetics using microvolume fluorospectrometry detection. Anal Chim Acta 733:28–33
Liu L, Scholz R, Pippel E, Gösele U (2010) Microstructure, electrocatalytic and sensing properties of nanoporous Pt46Ni54 alloy nanowires fabricated by mild dealloying. J Mater Chem 20:5621–5627
Xu C, Wang J, Zhou J (2013) Nanoporous PtNi alloy as an electrochemical sensor for ethanol and H2O2. Sens Actuators B Chem 182:408–415
Gao JJ, Zhou GP, Qiu HJ, Wang Y, Wang JQ (2016) Dealloying monolithic Pt–Cu alloy to wire-like nanoporous structure for electrocatalysis and electrochemical sensing. Corros Sci 108:194–199
Tarasevich MR, Zhutaeva GV, Bogdanovskaya VA, Radina MV, Ehrenburg MR, Chalykh AE (2007) Oxygen kinetics and mechanism at electrocatalysts on the base of palladium-iron system. Electrochim Acta 52:5108–5118
Wang J, Wang Z, Zhao D, Xu C (2014) Facile fabrication of nanoporous PdFe alloy for nonenzymatic electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. Anal Chim Acta 832:34–43
Choi Y, Park Y, Kang T, Lee LP (2009) Selective and sensitive detection of metal ions by plasmonic resonance energy transfer-based nanospectroscopy. Nat Nanotechnol 4:742
Cho ES, Kim J, Tejerina B et al (2012) Ultrasensitive detection of toxic cations through changes in the tunnelling current across films of striped nanoparticles. Nat Mater 11:978–985
Jensen S, Jernelöv A (1969) Biological methylation of mercury in aquatic organisms. Nature 223:753–754
Zhang L, Chang H, Hirata A, Wu H, Xue QK, Chen M (2013) Nanoporous gold based optical sensor for sub-ppt detection of mercury ions. ACS Nano 7:4595–4600
Zeng G, Chen Z, Huang D et al (2016) Practical and regenerable electrochemical aptasensor based on nanoporous gold and thymine-Hg2+ -thymine base pairs for Hg2+ detection. Biosens Bioelectron 90:542–548
Chik H, Xu JM (2004) Nanometric superlattices: non-lithographic fabrication, materials, and prospects. Mater Sci Eng R Rep 43:103–138
Santos A, Kumeria T, Losic D (2013) Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide for chemical sensing and biosensors. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 44:25–38
Mutalib MJA, Kempson IM, Losic D, Voelcker NH (2010) Dressing in layers: layering surface functionalities in nanoporous aluminum oxide membranes. Angew Chem 49:7933–7937
Velleman L, Triani G, Evans PJ, Shapter JG, Losic D (2009) Structural and chemical modification of porous alumina membranes. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 126:87–94
Losic D, Cole MA, Dollmann B, Vasilev K, Griesser HJ (2008) Surface modification of nanoporous alumina membranes by plasma polymerization. Nanotechnology 19:245704
Santos A, Macías G, Ferréborrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF (2012) Photoluminescent enzymatic sensor based on nanoporous anodic alumina. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:3584–3588
Santos A, Balderrama VS, Alba M et al (2012) Nanoporous anodic alumina barcodes: toward smart optical biosensors. Adv Mater 24:1050–1054
Ab Kadir R (2015) Nanofibers and nanoporous metal oxides for gas sensing applications. RMIT University, Melbourne
Wang LL, Li ZJ, Luo L, Zhao CZ, Kang LP, Liu DW (2016) Methanol sensing properties of honeycomb-like SnO2 grown on silicon nanoporous pillar array. J Alloy Compd 682:170–175
Yao DD, Rani RA, O’Mullane AP, Kalantarzadeh K, Ou JZ (2014) High performance electrochromic devices based on anodized nanoporous Nb2O5. J Phys Chem C 118:476–481
Verma A, Singh PK (2013) Sol–gel derived nanostructured niobium pentoxide thin films for electrochromic applications. Indian J Chem 52:593–598
Kadir RA, Rani RA, Alsaif MMYA et al (2015) Optical gas sensing properties of nanoporous Nb2O5 films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:4751–4758
Wu R, Zhang J, Shi Y, Liu D, Zhang B (2015) Metallic WO2–Carbon mesoporous nanowires as highly efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. J Am Chem Soc 137:6983–6986
Chowdhury S, Balasubramanian R (2014) Recent advances in the use of graphene-family nanoadsorbents for removal of toxic pollutants from wastewater. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 204:35–56
Lamy C, Lima A, Lerhun V, Delime F, Coutanceau C, Léger JM (2002) Recent advances in the development of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC). J Power Sources 105:283–296
Rutkowska IA, Koster MD, Blanchard GJ, Kulesza PJ (2014) Nanoporous platinum electrodes as substrates for metal oxide-supported noble metal electrocatalytic nanoparticles: synergistic effects during electrooxidation of ethanol. Aust J Chem 67:1414–1421
Qiao Y, Li CM (2011) Nanostructured catalysts in fuel cells. J Mater Chem 21:4027–4036
Chen A, Holt-Hindle P (2010) Platinum-based nanostructured materials: synthesis, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 110:3767–3804
Gong M, Fu G, Chen Y, Tang Y, Lu T (1944) Autocatalysis and selective oxidative etching induced synthesis of platinum-copper bimetallic alloy nanodendrites electrocatalysts. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:7301–7308
Guo S, Sun S (2012) FePt nanoparticles assembled on graphene as enhanced catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. J Am Chem Soc 134:2492–2495
Kang Y, Pyo JB, Ye X, Gordon TR, Murray CB (2012) Murray, Synthesis, shape control, and methanol electro-oxidation properties of Pt–Zn alloy and Pt3Zn intermetallic nanocrystals. ACS Nano 6:5642–5647
Xia BY, Wu HB, Wang X, Lou XW (2012) One-pot synthesis of cubic PtCu3 nanocages with enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the methanol oxidation reaction. J Am Chem Soc 134:13934–13937
Stamenkovic VR, Ben F, Bongjin Simon M et al (2007) Improved oxygen reduction activity on Pt3Ni(111) via increased surface site availability. Science 315:493–497
Chen C et al (2014) Highly crystalline multimetallic nanoframes with three-dimensional electrocatalytic surfaces. Science 343:1339–1343
Medinaramos J, Dimeglio JL, Rosenthal J (2014) Efficient reduction of CO2 to CO with high current density using in situ or ex situ prepared Bi-based materials. J Am Chem Soc 136:8361–8367
Zhang L, Zhu D, Nathanson GM, Hamers RJ (2014) Selective photoelectrochemical reduction of aqueous CO2 to CO by solvated electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 53:9746–9750
Mistry H, Reske R, Zeng Z et al (2014) Exceptional size-dependent activity enhancement in the electroreduction of CO2 over Au nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 136:16473–16476
Reske R, Mistry H, Behafarid F, Roldan CB, Strasser P (2014) Particle size effects in the catalytic electroreduction of CO2 on Cu nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 136:6978–6986
Asadi M, Kim K, Liu C et al (2016) Nanostructured transition metal dichalcogenide electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction in ionic liquid. Science 353:467–470
Zhou H, Wang Y, He R et al (2016) One-step synthesis of self-supported porous NiSe2/Ni hybrid foam: an efficient 3D electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction. Nano Energy 20:29–36
Yu F, Zhou H, Zhu Z et al (2017) Three-dimensional nanoporous iron nitride film as an efficient electrocatalyst for water oxidation. ACS Catal 7:2052–2057
Wei C, Wang H, Eid K et al (2017) A three-dimensionally structured electrocatalyst: cobalt-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide hybrid for efficient oxygen reduction. Chem Eur J 23:637–643
Xue H, Jing T, Hao G et al (2016) Fabrication of PdCo bimetallic nanoparticles anchored on three-dimensional ordered N-doped porous carbon as an efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:20766–20771
Lei H, Sun W, Sun Z (2017) Amorphous Co3O4-decorated Pd as an efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation. NANO 12:1750078–1750086
Mohammadi MR, Fray DJ (2010) Nanostructured TiO2–CeO2 mixed oxides by an aqueous sol–gel process: effect of Ce: Ti molar ratio on physical and sensing properties. Sens Actuators B Chem 150:631–640
Biener MM, Biener J, Wichmann A et al (2011) ALD functionalized nanoporous gold: thermal stability, mechanical properties, and catalytic activity. Nano Lett 11:3085–3090
Chen AY, Wang JW, Wang Y et al (2015) Effects of pore size and residual Ag on electrocatalytic properties of nanoporous gold films prepared by pulse electrochemical dealloying. Electrochim Acta 153:552–558
Xu C, Xu X, Su J, Ding Y (2007) Research on unsupported nanoporous gold catalyst for CO oxidation. J Catal 252:243–248
Zhang J, Liu P, Houyi Ma A, Ding Y (2007) Nanostructured porous gold for methanol electro-oxidation. J Phys Chem C 111:10382–10388
Xiao X, Ulstrup J, Li H, Wang ME, Zhang J, Si P (2014) Nanoporous gold assembly of glucose oxidase for electrochemical biosensing. Electrochim Acta 130:559–567
Biener MM, Ye J, Baumann TF et al (2014) Ultra-strong and low-density nanotubular bulk materials with tunable feature sizes. Adv Mater 26:4808–4813
Lang XY, Fu HY, Hou C et al (2013) Nanoporous gold supported cobalt oxide microelectrodes as high-performance electrochemical biosensors. Nat Commun 4:2169
Jia C, Yin H, Ma H et al (2009) Enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity of methanol oxidation on TiO2-decorated nanoporous gold. J Phys Chem C 113:16138–16143
Chen AY, Shi SS, Wang JW et al (2015) Microstructure and electrocatalytic performance of nanoporous gold foils decorated by TiO2 coatings. Surf Coat Technol 286:113–118
Kang BK, Woo MH, Lee J et al (2017) Mesoporous Ni–Fe oxide multi-composite hollow nanocage for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation reactions. J Mater Chem A 5:4320–4324
Yin H, Tang Z (2016) Ultrathin two-dimensional layered metal hydroxides: an emerging platform for advanced catalysis, energy conversion and storage. Chem Soc Rev 45:4873
Lang X, Chen X, Zhao J (2014) Heterogeneous visible light photocatalysis for selective organic transformations. Chem Soc Rev 43:473–486
Xu W, Zhu S, Liang Y et al (2015) Nanoporous CuS with excellent photocatalytic property. Sci Rep 5:18125
Gunjakar JL, Kim TW, Kim HN, Kim IY, Hwang SJ (2011) Mesoporous layer-by-layer ordered nanohybrids of layered double hydroxide and layered metal oxide: highly active visible light photocatalysts with improved chemical stability. J Am Chem Soc 133:14998–15007
Kominami H, Yabutani K, Yamamoto T, Kera Y, Ohtani B (2001) Synthesis of highly active tungsten(VI) oxide photocatalysts for oxygen evolution by hydrothermal treatment of aqueous tungstic acid solutions. J Mater Chem 11:3222–3227
He W, Jia H, Li X et al (2012) Understanding the formation of CuS concave superstructures with peroxidase-like activity. Nanoscale 4:3501–3506
Tanveer M, Cao C, Ali Z et al (2014) Template free synthesis of CuS nanosheet-based hierarchical microspheres: an efficient natural light driven photocatalyst. CrystEngComm 16:5290–5300
Zhuang TT, Fan FJ, Gong M, Yu SH (2012) Cu(1.94)S nanocrystal seed mediated solution-phase growth of unique Cu2S–PbS heteronanostructures. Chem Commun 48:9762–9764
Freymeyer NJ, Cunningham PD, Jones EC, Golden BJ, Wiltrout AM, Plass KE (2013) Influence of solvent reducing ability on copper sulfide crystal phase. Cryst Growth Des 13:4059–4065
Wei T, Liu Y, Dong W et al (2013) Surface-dependent localized surface plasmon resonances in CuS nanodisks. Appl Mater Interfaces 5:10473–10477
Yu Y, Zhang J, Wu X, Zhao W, Zhang B (2012) Nanoporous single-crystal-like Cd(x)Zn(1−x)S nanosheets fabricated by the cation-exchange reaction of inorganic-organic hybrid ZnS-amine with cadmium ions. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:897–900
Wang Y, Zhao H, Li M, Fan J, Zhao G (2014) Magnetic ordered mesoporous copper ferrite as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for the degradation of imidacloprid. Appl Catal B 147:534–545
Mi L, Wei W, Zheng Z et al (2013) Tunable properties induced by ion exchange in multilayer intertwined CuS microflowers with hierarchal structures. Nanoscale 5:6589–6598
Fujishima A, Honda K (1972) Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode. Nature 238:37–38
Lee K, Mazare A, Schmuki P (2014) One-dimensional titanium dioxide nanomaterials: nanotubes. Chem Rev 114:9385–9454
Wang X, Li Z, Shi J, Yu Y (2014) One-dimensional titanium dioxide nanomaterials: nanowires, nanorods, and nanobelts. Chem Rev 114:9346
Liu N, Schneider C, Freitag D et al (2014) Black TiO2 nanotubes: cocatalyst-free open-circuit hydrogen generation. Nano Lett 14:3309–3313
Nguyen NT, Yoo J, Altomare M, Schmuki P (2016) Suspended Pt nanoparticles over TiO2 nanotubes for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution. Chem Commun 50:9653–9656
Su R, Tiruvalam R, Logsdail AJ et al (2014) Designer titania-supported Au–Pd nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. ACS Nano 8:3490–3497
Yoo JE, Lee K, Altomare M, Selli E, Schmuki P (2013) Self-organized arrays of single-metal catalyst particles in TiO2 cavities: a highly efficient photocatalytic system. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:7514–7517
Nguyen NT, Altomare M, Yoo J, Schmuki P (2015) Efficient photocatalytic h2 evolution: controlled dewetting-dealloying to fabricate site-selective high-activity nanoporous au particles on highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays. Adv Mater 27:3208–3215
Miyamura H, Matsubara R, Miyazaki Y, Kobayashi S (2007) Innentitelbild: aerobic oxidation of alcohols at room temperature and atmospheric conditions catalyzed by Reusable Gold nanoclusters stabilized by the benzene rings of polystyrene derivatives (Angew. Chem. 22/2007). Angew Chem 22:4066
Qamar M, Elsayed RB et al (2014) Highly efficient and selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols photocatalyzed by nanoporous hierarchical Pt/Bi2WO6 in organic solvent-free environment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:1257–1269
Deng Q, Duan X, Ng DHL et al (2012) Ag nanoparticle decorated nanoporous ZnO microrods and their enhanced photocatalytic activities. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:6030–6037
Acknowledgement
The study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51709103), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2018JJ3242), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2018M630901).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, A., He, Y., Zhou, Y. et al. A review of recent applications of porous metals and metal oxide in energy storage, sensing and catalysis. J Mater Sci 54, 949–973 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2961-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2961-5