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Analysis of a novel strain Brevundimonas KX-1 capable of degrading 3-chlorocarbazole based on the whole genome sequence

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Abstract

In this study, a strain was isolated from a sewage treatment plant in Jiangsu Province, China. The strain was identified as Brevundimonas sp. KX-1. After 5 days, 50.2% 3-chlorocarbazole (3-CCZ) was degraded under the optimum condition as follows: 1 g/L starch, 30 °C, pH 6.5 and 50 mg/L 3-CCZ. The degradation of 3-CCZ by KX-1 conformed to the first-order kinetic model under different initial concentrations in this experiment. The intermediate product of 3-CCZ degradation was identified as (2E,4Z)-6-(2-amino-5-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoic acid. The activities of the meta-cleavage enzymes for biphenyl-2,3-diol (the analogs of intermediate product 2'-amino-5'-chloro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,3-diol) were measured with the crude extracts of cells grown in the presence of 3-CCZ. The complete genome of KX-1 was sequenced and compared with the Brevundimonas diminuta BZC3. BZC3 and KX-1 belonged to the same species, displaying the genetic similarity of 99%. But BZC3 could efficiently degrade gentamicin for the potential microbial function analysis. Compared with BZC3, KX-1 possessed the primary function annotations about transportation and metabolism of amino acids (6.65%) and the transportation and metabolism of carbohydrates (5.96%). In addition, KX-1 was rich in sucrose and starch metabolism pathways (ko00500) compared with the genome of BZC3, indicating the high efficiency of KX-1 for starch utilization during degradation. This article reveals the difference between strain KX-1 and bacteria of the same genus in terms of the whole genome sequence, demonstrating that KX-1 is a novel strain Brevundimonas with the ability to degrade 3-CCZ.

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Data availability statement

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Project (Grant No.2019YFC0408604); Research project of ecological environment protection and restoration of Yangtze River in Zhoushan (SZGXZS2020068).

Funding

This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Project (Grant No.2019YFC0408604) and Research project of ecological environment protection and restoration of Yangtze River in Zhoushan (SZGXZS2020068).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China

    Xin Kang, Xiaoxiang Zhao & Xinshan Song

  2. Bldg. 4, 2999 Renmin North Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoxiang Zhao

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by XK. The first draft of the manuscript was written by XK and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Conceptualization: XK; Methodology: XK; Formal analysis and investigation: XK; Writing—original draft preparation: XK; Writing—review and editing: XK and XX Z; Funding acquisition: XX Z and XS S; Resources: XX Z; Supervision: XX Z and XS S.

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Correspondence to Xiaoxiang Zhao.

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Xin Kang declares that he/she has no conflict of interest. Xiaoxiang Zhao declares that he/she has no conflict of interest. Xinshan Song declares that he/she has no conflict of interest. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Kang, X., Zhao, X. & Song, X. Analysis of a novel strain Brevundimonas KX-1 capable of degrading 3-chlorocarbazole based on the whole genome sequence. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 116, 577–593 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-023-01831-2

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