Skip to main content
Log in

AET tool for hybrid accessibility evaluation

  • Communication
  • Published:
Universal Access in the Information Society Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Accessible websites are a necessity for everyone, especially for people with disabilities. However, this is an objective that has not been achieved yet and requires initiatives that continue guiding the way towards an increasingly inclusive web and lowering accessibility barriers. One of the first steps in this regard is to identify the accessibility level of a particular website, and for this purpose, a set of automatic tools and manual instruments have been developed. These tools allow calculating an accessibility level from the expert’s perspective and from the website’s source code using as a reference the accessibility guidelines defined by the W3C. The authors state that evaluating accessibility with just one of these methods is not enough, so therefore its integration is required. This article presents a tool called Accessibility Evaluation Tool, which allows and facilitates the integration of the accessibility evaluation delivered by an automatic validator with the manual evaluation of elements by experts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

References

  1. López Zambrano, J., Moreira Pico, J., Cagua, N.: Metodología para valorar y clasificar herramientas de evaluación de accesibilidad web. e-Ciencias de la Información. (2017). https://doi.org/10.15517/eci.v8i1.30012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Xiong, J., Winckler, M.: An investigation of tool support for accessibility assessment throughout the development process of Web sites. J. Web Eng. 7, 281 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Verdú, E., García-Bustelo, B.C.P., Sánchez, M.Á.M., Crespo, R.: A system to generate signwriting for video tracks enhancing accessibility of deaf people. Int. J. Interact. Multim. Artif. Intell. 4, 109 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Al Khalifa, H., Baazeem, I., Alamer, R.: Revisiting the accessibility of Saudi Arabia government websites. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-016-0495-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Rau, P.L.P., Zhou, L., Sun, N., Zhong, R.: Evaluation of web accessibility in China: changes from 2009 to 2013. Univ. Access. Inf. Soc. 15(2), 297–303 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-014-0385-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ismail, A., Kuppusamy, K.S., Shakoor, A.: Multi-tool accessibility assessment of government department websites:a case-study with JKGAD. Disabil. Rehab. Assistive Technol. 13, 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2017.1344883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gonçalves, R., Rocha, T., Martins, J., Branco, F., Au-Yong Oliveira, M.: Evaluation of e-commerce websites accessibility and usability: an e-commerce platform analysis with the inclusion of blind users. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-017-0557-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hong, S., Kim, D., Trimi, S., Hyun, J.: A delphi study of factors hindering web accessibility for persons with disabilities. J. Comput. Inf. Syst. 55, 28 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2015.11645784

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Gonzalez Crespo, R., Espada, J., Burgos, D.: Social4all: definition of specific adaptations in Web applications to improve accessibility. Comput. Standards Interfaces (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2016.04.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ismailova, R., Inal, Y.: Accessibility evaluation of top university websites: a comparative study of Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkey. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 17, 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-017-0541-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Santana, P., Nemiña, R., Marín Suelves, D.: Análisis y evaluación de portales institucionales en España. Los casos de Canarias, Galicia y Valencia. 16 (2018). https://doi.org/10.17398/1695-288X.16.2.29

  12. Nir, H., Rimmerman, A.: Evaluation of web content accessibility in Israeli institution of high education. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-018-0615-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hassouna, M., Ashaari, N., Ismail, A.: University website accessibility for totally blind users. J. Inf. Commun. Technol. 16, 63 (2017). https://doi.org/10.32890/jict2017.16.1.4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Çetin, N., Alemdag, E., Tüzün, H., Yildiz, M.: Evaluation of a university website‘s usability for visually impaired students. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 16, 151 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Akpinar, E., Yesilada, Y.: Discovering visual elements of web pages and their roles: users‘ perception. Interacting Comput. 29, 845 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwx015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Rodríguez Segura, N.: Evaluación de la accesibilidad a la información de las personas con discapacidad visual en los sitios web de los ministerios de Costa Rica. Bibliotecas 34(1), 1 (2016). https://doi.org/10.15359/rb.34-1.2. https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/bibliotecas/article/view/8397

  17. Umat, T., Agangiba, T., Agangiba, W.: Evaluation of Accessibility for the Visually Impaired: The Case of Higher Education Institutions’ Websites in Ghana. 3, 58 (2019)

  18. Nogueira, T., Ferreira, D., Carvalho, S., Berreta, L.: Evaluating responsive web design‘s impact on blind users. IEEE MultiMedia 24, 86 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/MMUL.2017.21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Sam Anlas, C., Stable, Y.: Evaluación de la accesibilidad web de los portales del Estado en Perú. Revista española de Documentación Científica 39, 1 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3989/redc

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. King, B., Youngblood, N.: E-government in Alabama: an analysis of county voting and election website content, usability, accessibility, and mobile readiness. Government Inf. Q. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.09.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Casasola Balsells, L.A., Guerra González, J.C., Casasola Balsells, M.A., Pérez Chamorro, V.A.: La accesibilidad de los portales web de las universidades públicas andaluzas. Revista Española de Documentación Científica 40(2), e169 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3989/redc.2017.2.1372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Brajnik, G., Vigo, M., Yesilada, Y., Harper, S.: Group vs individual web accessibility evaluations: effects with novice evaluators. Interacting Comput. 28, 843 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iww006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Moreno, L., Martinez, P., Muguerza, J., Abascal, J.: Support resource based on standards for accessible e-Government transactional services. Computer Standards Interfaces (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2018.01.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Akram, M., Bt, R.: A systematic literature review to determine the web accessibility issues in saudi arabian university and government websites for disable people. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. (2017). https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2017.080642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Lynch, N., Lang, B., Angelov, S., McGarrigle, S., Boyle, T., Al-Azawi, D., Connolly, E.: Breast reconstruction post mastectomy- Let‘s Google it: accessibility, readability and quality of online information. Breast 32, 126 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2017.01.019

  26. Pacheco, H., Amorim, P., Barbosa, P.: Comparative analysis of web accessibility evaluation tools. S. Ferreira (2016). https://doi.org/10.1145/3033701.3033747

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Alshamari, M.: Accessibility evaluation of arabic e-commerce web sites using automated tools. J. Softw. Eng. Appl. 09, 439 (2016). https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2016.99029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Youngblood, N.E., Brooks, M.: Website accessibility: U.S. veterans affairs medical centers as a case study. Bus. Prof. Commun. Q. 81(4), 440 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/2329490618778329

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This paper is the result of the work developed through the program “Reconstrucción del tejido social en zonas de pos-conflicto en Colombia” with code SIGP 57579 in the context of the project “Fortalecimiento docente desde la alfabetización mediática Informacional y la CTel, como estrategia didáctico-pedagógica y soporte para la recuperación de la confianza del tejido social afectado por el conflicto” code SIGP 58950. Funded within the framework of the call for proposals Colombia Científica, Contract No FP44842-213-2018.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luis Felipe Londoño-Rojas.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Londoño-Rojas, L.F., Tabares-Morales, V. & Duque-Méndez, N. AET tool for hybrid accessibility evaluation. Univ Access Inf Soc 22, 655–661 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-021-00846-8

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-021-00846-8

Keywords

Navigation