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Defining cutoff values for early prediction of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage by CT perfusion

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Abstract

Early prediction of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is essential to prevent infarction. CT perfusion (CTP) is used to identify perfusion deficits and to guide treatment decisions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate CTP parameters and to establish cutoff values for DCI prediction in the early phase after aSAH. Whole-brain CTP was performed on day 3 after aSAH. These CTP parameters were analyzed: cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), time to peak (TTP), time to start (TTS), and time to drain (TTD). ROC analysis was performed to establish cutoff values. The outcome (modified Rankin scale (mRS)) at 3 months follow-up and the DCI incidence were evaluated. A total of 64 patients were included. A good WFNS grade (I–III) was documented in 44% of the patients. A mild modified Fisher grade (1–2) was seen in 3% of the patients. Early perfusion deficits were found in 18 of 64 patients and 10 of them developed DCI. For DCI prediction, the following cutoff values were identified: TTD > 4.93 s, CBF < 53.93 ml/100 ml/min, MTT <> 4.25 s, TTS > 0.94 s, TTP > 9.28 s, and CBV < 3.14 ml/100 ml. The positive predictive value (PPV)/negative PV (NPV) was as follows: TTD 77%/93%; CBF 94%/70%; MTT 72%/96%; TTS 71%/86%; TTP 55%/78%; CBV 75%/61%. Early perfusion deficits correlated with DCI (logistic regression p < 0.0001) but not with outcome. CTP on day 3 after aSAH allows reliable DCI prediction. TTD had high NPV/PPV for DCI prediction and should be an integral part of quantitative CTP analysis in the early phase after aSAH.

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Author notes

  1. Marios Nikos Psychogios and Dorothee Mielke contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany

    Vesna Malinova, Veit Rohde & Dorothee Mielke

  2. Department of Neuroradiology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    Ioannis Tsogkas, Daniel Behme & Marios Nikos Psychogios

Authors
  1. Vesna Malinova
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  2. Ioannis Tsogkas
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  3. Daniel Behme
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  4. Veit Rohde
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  5. Marios Nikos Psychogios
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  6. Dorothee Mielke
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Correspondence to Vesna Malinova.

Ethics declarations

I declare that I have no conflicts of interest. Ioannis Tsogkas, Daniel Behme, Veit Rohde, and Dorothee Mielke declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Marios Nikos Psychogios declares receiving speakers’ honoraria from Siemens.

The study was approved by the local ethics committee (Number 22/11/12). A patient’s consent for treatment was obtained according to the individual institutional guidelines. Due to a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data additional informed consent was deemed unnecessary. This study was conducted according to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration [31]. This study was not funded.

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Malinova, V., Tsogkas, I., Behme, D. et al. Defining cutoff values for early prediction of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage by CT perfusion. Neurosurg Rev 43, 581–587 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-019-01082-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-019-01082-8

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