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Photobiomodulation reduces cell death and cytokine production in C2C12 cells exposed to Bothrops venoms

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Abstract

Snakebites caused by the genus Bothrops are often associated with severe and complex local manifestations such as edema, pain, hemorrhage, and myonecrosis. Conventional treatment minimizes the systemic effects of venom; however, their local action is not neutralized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on C2C12 muscle cells exposed to B. jararaca, B. jararacussu, and B. moojeni venoms on events involved in cell death and the release of inflammatory mediators. Cells were exposed to venoms and immediately irradiated with low-level laser (LLL) application in continuous wave at the wavelength of 660 nm, energy density of 4.4 J/cm2, power of 10 mW, area of 0.045 cm2, and time of 20 s. Cell integrity was analyzed by phase contrast microscope and cell death was performed by flow cytometry. In addition, interleukin IL1-β, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were measured in the supernatant. Our results showed that the application of PBM increases cell viability and decreases cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, the release of pro-inflammatory interleukins was also reduced. The data reported here indicate that PBM resulted in cytoprotection on myoblast C2C12 cells after venom exposure. This protection involves the modulation of cell death mechanism and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine release.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Caren Cristina Grabulosa by laboratory support.

Funding

This study was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grant 2017/13503-1. The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by Capes/Prosup and Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, R: Vergueiro, 235 - Bairro Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01504-000, Brazil

    Viviane Almeida Gouveia, Flavia Regina Ferreira Soares Pisete, Cristiane Luize Rocha Wagner, Maria Aparecida Dalboni & Stella Regina Zamuner

  2. Postgraduate Program in Biofotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, R: Vergueiro, 235 - Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Ana Paula Ligeiro de Oliveira

  3. Postgraduate Program in Bioengenharia, Instituto Científico e Tecnológico - Universidade Brasil, Itaquera, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    José Carlos Cogo

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  1. Viviane Almeida Gouveia
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  2. Flavia Regina Ferreira Soares Pisete
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Gouveia, V.A., Pisete, F.R.F.S., Wagner, C.L.R. et al. Photobiomodulation reduces cell death and cytokine production in C2C12 cells exposed to Bothrops venoms. Lasers Med Sci 35, 1047–1054 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-019-02884-4

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