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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in smokers: a randomized clinical trial

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Abstract

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the additional influence of multiple applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in smokers with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and methods

Twenty smokers with chronic periodontitis were treated in a split-mouth design study with aPDT adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) or SRP. aPDT was performed by using a laser light source with 660 nm wavelength associated with a photosensitizer. The applications were performed in four episodes (at days 0, 2, 7, and 14). All patients were monitored for 90 days. Plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing were performed at baseline, 30, and 90 days after the SRP. Gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival plaque samples were collected for immunological and microbiological analysis, respectively. Data obtained were statistically analyzed.

Results

aPDT as an adjunct to SRP did not demonstrate statistically significant advantages on clinical parameters when compared with SRP alone. No statistic significant differences between groups were observed (p < 0.05). Levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial species were comparable in both groups at day 90 after treatment.

Conclusion

Periodontal treatment with SRP + aPDT in multiples episodes was not able to promote additional clinical, immunological, and microbiological benefits in smokers when compared SRP alone in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Clinical relevance

Multiple episodes of aPDT adjunctive to non-surgical treatment did not improve significantly the clinical, immunological, and microbiological parameters when compared with SRP alone. More randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate adjuvant therapies for scaling and root planning in smokers with chronic periodontitis. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03039244

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Notes

  1. Phenothiazine chloride, 10 mg/Ml, HELBO Blue, HELBO Photodynamic Systems, Grieskirchen, Austria

  2. Minilaser 2075F, Helbo Photodynamic Systems

  3. HELBO 3D Pocket Probe, HELBO Photodynamic Systems

  4. Florida Probe, Gainesville, FL

  5. PerioPapers, Interstate Drug Exchange, Amityville, NY

  6. MilliplexMap, Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA

  7. MAGPIX analyzer, Luminex, Austin, TX

  8. Salimetrics Inc., State College, PA, USA

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Funding

The fiber tips and photosensitizers were donated by helbo (bredent medical GmbH & Co KG, Walldorf, Germany).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departament of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, FORP-USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil

    Mariana Sales de Melo Soares, Cristine D’Almeida Borges, Marcos de Mendonça Invernici, Sérgio Luis Scombatti de Souza, Mario Taba Jr., Michel Reis Messora & Arthur Belém Novaes Jr

  2. Departament of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyzes, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo – USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil

    Fabiani Gai Frantz

  3. Department of Periodontology Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil

    Luciene Cristina de Figueiredo

Authors
  1. Mariana Sales de Melo Soares
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  2. Cristine D’Almeida Borges
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  3. Marcos de Mendonça Invernici
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  4. Fabiani Gai Frantz
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  5. Luciene Cristina de Figueiredo
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  6. Sérgio Luis Scombatti de Souza
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  7. Mario Taba Jr.
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  8. Michel Reis Messora
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  9. Arthur Belém Novaes Jr
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arthur Belém Novaes Jr.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Principal findings

Multiple episodes of aPDT adjunctive to non-surgical treatment did not improve significantly the clinical, immunological, and microbiological parameters when compared with SRP alone in smokers.

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de Melo Soares, M.S., D’Almeida Borges, C., de Mendonça Invernici, M. et al. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in smokers: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Invest 23, 3173–3182 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2740-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2740-3

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