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Adjunctive effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to nonsurgical periodontal treatment in smokers: a randomized clinical trial

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the adjunctive effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) to scaling and root planing (SRP) in smokers with chronic periodontitis. Twenty subjects had two contralateral teeth randomly assigned to receive SRP (SRP group) or SRP + a single episode of aPDT (SRP + aPDT group), with a diode laser and a phenothiazine photosensitizer. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession were recorded, and gingival crevicular fluid was collected for assay of IL-1β and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 levels. There was a significant PD reduction (SRP 1.81 ± 0.52 mm/SRP + aPDT 1.58 ± 1.28 mm; p < 0.001) and a significant CAL gain (SRP 1.60 ± 0.92 mm/SRP + aPDT 1.41 ± 1.58 mm; p < 0.001) for both groups. Significant differences were not observed in between-group comparisons. IL-1β level in gingival crevicular fluid was higher in SRP group after 1 week (SRP 24.65 ± 18.85 pg/μL/SRP + aPDT 34.07 ± 24.81 pg/μL; p = 0.048), and MMP-8 level was higher in SRP group after 12 weeks (SRP 303.31 ± 331.62 pg/μL/SRP + aPDT 534.23 ± 647.37 pg/μL; p = 0.024). There were no statistically significant differences in intragroup comparisons. The adjunctive effect of aPDT did not warrant improvements on clinical parameters in smokers. However, it resulted in a suppression of IL-1β and MMP-8 when compared with SRP alone.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants from the São Paulo State Research Foundation (grant 2009/15845-0), Brazilian Foundation for the Improvement of Higher Education (CAPES), and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq grant 302888/2010-1).

Conflict of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Av. Valdemar Pedrosa, 1539, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

    Adriana C. Queiroz

  2. Department of Buco-Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Traumatology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    Adriana C. Queiroz, Flávia Adelino Suaid, Patrícia Freitas de Andrade, Fabíola S. Oliveira, Arthur B. Novaes Jr., Mário Taba Jr., Daniela B. Palioto, Márcio F. M. Grisi & Sérgio L. S. Souza

  3. Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de CTBMF e Periodontia, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    Sérgio L. S. Souza

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  1. Adriana C. Queiroz
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  2. Flávia Adelino Suaid
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Correspondence to Sérgio L. S. Souza.

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Queiroz, A.C., Suaid, F.A., de Andrade, P.F. et al. Adjunctive effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to nonsurgical periodontal treatment in smokers: a randomized clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 30, 617–625 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-013-1379-1

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