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A cascade amplification strategy of catalytic hairpin assembly and hybridization chain reaction for the sensitive fluorescent assay of the model protein carcinoembryonic antigen

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Abstract

A cascade nucleic acid amplification strategy is presented for fluorometric aptamer based determination of the model protein carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Amplification is accomplished by combining catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR). In this assay, a specially designed single-stranded DNA containing the aptamer sequence (AS) specific for CEA is hybridized with an inhibitor strand (IS) to form a double-stranded DNA (IS@AS). In the presence of CEA, it will recognize and bind to the AS strand which causes the release of IS. By introducing two DNA hairpins (H1 and H2; these containing complementary sequences) CHA will be activated via the hybridization reactions of H1 and H2. This is accompanying by the formation of a double-stranded DNA (H1-H2) and the release of CEA@AS. The liberated CEA@AS further drives successive recycling of the CHA, thereby generating further copies of H1-H2. The resultant H1-H2 hybrids act as primers and trigger HCR with the help of other two DNA hairpins (H3 and H4) containing G-rich toehold at the 5′-terminus and 3′-terminus of H3 and H4, respectively. The fluorescent probe N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM) is finally intercalated into the G-rich domains of the long DNA nanostructures due to formation of G-quadruplex structures. This generates a fluorescent signal (best measured at excitation/emission wavelengths of 399/610 nm) that increases with the concentration of target (CEA). This aptamer-based fluorescence assay is highly sensitive and has a linear range that covers the 1 pg·mL−1 to 2 ng·mL−1 CEA concentration range, with a 0.3 pg·mL−1 detection limit.

By integrating catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for effective signal enhancement, a novel cascade amplification strategy is presented to develop a sensitive and selective fluorescent method for the assay of the model protein carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).

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Acknowledgements

We deeply appreciate the NNSF of China for the financial support to this work (21775123).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People’s Republic of China

    Wenting Yang, Xingxing Zhou, Jianmin Zhao & Wenju Xu

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  1. Wenting Yang
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  2. Xingxing Zhou
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  3. Jianmin Zhao
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Correspondence to Wenju Xu.

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Yang, W., Zhou, X., Zhao, J. et al. A cascade amplification strategy of catalytic hairpin assembly and hybridization chain reaction for the sensitive fluorescent assay of the model protein carcinoembryonic antigen. Microchim Acta 185, 100 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2620-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2620-6

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