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Arc magmatism in the Nkoula granitoid suites, Central African Fold belt in Cameroon: evidence of a metasomatized high oxidized S- and I- type magma

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Abstract

Situated in the Tikar plain, the Nkoula granitoid suites consist of granites, quartz monzonites and syenites. The petrography, mineral chemistry and whole-rock geochemistry of the studied granitoids were done. The rocks are mainly made up of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, amphibole, biotite ± sphene ± epidote. They are I-and S-type, metaluminous to peraluminous, magnesian and belong to high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series. K-feldspars are orthoclase and plagioclases have the chemical composition of oligoclase. Biotites are reequilibrated primary Mg-rich while amphiboles are magmatic, calcic and essentially magnesian. All the granitoids display LREE enrichment and HREE depletion with negative Eu anomaly. The primitive mantle normalized trace element patterns display Rb, Ba, U, Th and Pb enrichment and depletion in Nb, Ta, Ti and P. The major and trace element variations indicate that fractional crystallization plays an important role during the magmatic processes of the S-type magma. The trace element ratios Ba/Rb, Nb/Ta, Y/Nb, Th/La, Sm/La, Hf/Sm and Ta/La, along with the biotite and amphibole chemistry, point to a crust-mantle mixed source for the Nkoula granitoid suites. The granitoids emplaced in the syn-collisional and volcanic arc setting. The most likely processes for the Nkoula granitoid consist of the partial melting of the subducted slab and the probable contribution of a mantle component. The break-off of the subducted slab may have favored the upwelling of the asthenosphere that supplies heat for the partial melting of the slab and crust components. The Nkoula granitoid magma displays 3–5 wt.% of water and was formed under high oxidizing conditions. They were emplaced at relatively shallow depth (3–9 km) and crystallized at about 800–900 °C in the Adamawa-Yade continental crust due to the subduction of the Yaounde oceanic crust under the Adamawa-Yade domain during the Pan-African orogeny.

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taken from O’Neill and Pownceby (1993). (HM: Hematite -Magnetite; NNO: Nickel-Nickel Oxide; FMQ Fayalite-Mag netite-Quartz;QIF:Quartz-Iron-Fayalite WM: Wüstite – Magnetite; I W: Iron- Wüstite. Error bars represent the expected σrest (22 °C) and maximum logfO2 errors (0.4 log unit). c displays representative error bars indicating the variation in accuracy with P. The maximum relative P errors range from 11% (at the maximum thermal stability curve; black dotted line at the right) to 25% (at the upper limit of consistent amphiboles; black dotted line at the left). The red dashed curve at the center roughly divides consistent experimental products with different crystallinity. The 30 to 100 values represent biotite stability as a function of (100 × Fe/(Fe + Mg)))

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source and M = mafic mantle source). d (Ta/La)N versus (Hf/Sm)N plot (La Fleche et al. 1998), for the differentiation of the metasomatic agent involved in the petrogenesis of the Nkoula granitoid suites. Normalizations are after Mc Donough and Sun (1995)

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the TWAS-CSIR fellowship for their support for major and trace element analyses. We also thank Professor Miguel Baez and anonymous reviewers for their constructive remarks. Special thanks to Professor Sajeev Krishnan and Dr Claude Nambaje, both from the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India, for the EPMA analyses.

Funding

The World Academy of Sciences, TWAS-CSIR 2014–2015, Ntieche Benjamin.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geology Laboratory, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde, 1, P.O. Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon

    Benjamin Ntieche

  2. Research Center for Geophysics and Volcanology, Institute of Geological and Mining Research, PO Box 370, Buea, Cameroon

    Pauline Wokwenmendam Nguet

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Yaounde, 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon

    Amidou Moundi, Chimene Grace Staelle Atsalang & Zakari Nchouwet

  4. CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500 007, India

    Ram Mohan Mekala

  5. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Maroua, P.O. Box, 814, Maroua, Cameroon

    Mahomed Aziz Mounjouohou

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  1. Benjamin Ntieche
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Correspondence to Benjamin Ntieche.

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Ntieche, B., Wokwenmendam Nguet, P., Moundi, A. et al. Arc magmatism in the Nkoula granitoid suites, Central African Fold belt in Cameroon: evidence of a metasomatized high oxidized S- and I- type magma. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 111, 1223–1250 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02175-4

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