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Electrochemical ultrasensitive detection of CYFRA21-1 using Ti3C2Tx-MXene as enhancer and covalent organic frameworks as labels

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Abstract

The concentration level of cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) can be used as an important indicator for predicting non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of CYFRA21-1 is developed. The sensor based on a combination of gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) decorated Ti3C2Tx-MXene (Au-Ti3C2Tx) as the substrate enhancer, and toluidine blue (TB) modified AuNPs doped covalent organic framework (COF) polymer as the signal tag (TB-Au-COF). The Au-Ti3C2Tx is used to capture numerous primary antibodies and accelerate the electron transfer rate of the substrate, while the TB-Au-COF can be applied to provide a large number of signal units TB and secondary antibodies. These features of composites endow the proposed immunosensor with high sensitivity and current response to CYFRA21-1. Under optimum conditions, the immunosensor offers a wide current response for CYFRA21-1 from 0.5–1.0 × 104 pg·mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.1 pg·mL−1. Furthermore, the biosensing platform can be applied for CYFRA21-1 detection to analyze real serum samples, providing an effective and useful avenue for the applicability of Au-Ti3C2Tx and TB-Au-COF composite materials in biosensing field.

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Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21605042 and 21974068), Key Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province (192102310033), and Training Plan for Young Backbone Teachers in Universities of Henan Province (2020GGJS105).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China

    Jiamin Cheng, Kai Hu, Yanju Liu & Huaixia Yang

  2. School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China

    Qianrui Liu & Jinming Kong

Authors
  1. Jiamin Cheng
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  2. Kai Hu
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  3. Qianrui Liu
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  4. Yanju Liu
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  5. Huaixia Yang
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  6. Jinming Kong
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Kai Hu, Huaixia Yang or Jinming Kong.

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Ethics approval

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 (5). Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study. The serum was provided by the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with the ethical code of 20200806-01.

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Cheng, J., Hu, K., Liu, Q. et al. Electrochemical ultrasensitive detection of CYFRA21-1 using Ti3C2Tx-MXene as enhancer and covalent organic frameworks as labels. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 2543–2551 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03212-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03212-y

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