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The Roc Blanc orogenic Pb-Zn-Ag-Au deposit (Morocco): a product of metamorphic dehydration and CO2 devolatilization during exhumation of the Variscan Jebilet massif

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Abstract

The Roc Blanc Pb-Zn-Ag ± Au vein system in the Variscan Central Jebilet massif, Morocco, is confined within the contact metamorphic aureole of S- and I-type calc-alkaline granitic stocks (327 ± 4 to 295 ± 15 Ma) along the Marrakech Shear Zone. Host rocks consist of a succession of greenschist- to amphibolite-facies metasedimentary and metavolcaniclastic rocks of Carboniferous age. The ore mineralogy is predominantly base metal and Ag-bearing sulfides and sulfosalts, intergrown with quartz and carbonates. Late-stage gold mineralization is commonly present as electrum in intimate association with all major generations of sulfide and sulfosalt minerals. Ore-related hydrothermal alteration includes silicification, sericitization, chloritization, and carbonatization. Chlorite and arsenopyrite geothermometry suggest mean temperatures of 364 and 350 °C; respectively. Calculated δ18Ofluid values of 15 to 18‰ are consistent with metamorphic fluid sources, by which the mineralizing fluids were produced during the emplacement of granitic intrusions and subsequent devolatilization of graphitic black shale and interlayered carbonate beds. Lead and strontium isotope data constrain the source of the ore-forming components (i.e., metals and sulfur) to the enclosing host rocks. A decrease in temperature during fluid ascent and subsequent alteration-associated fluid-rock interaction resulted in the deposition of the Pb-Zn-Ag ± Au mineralization in a post-collisional extensional setting.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Managem Group geologists, in particular Mohamed Zouhair, Abdelmalek Ouadjou, and Ahmed Radnaoui, for the technical and logistical support during the field work. Stefano Poli and Andrea Risplendente from the University of Milano (Italy) are thanked for electron microprobe analyses and D. Margoum for the help in the preparation of the figures. Special appreciation is extended to Rich Goldfarb who was very generous in providing valuable insights and careful editing of an early version of the manuscript. We are also deeply grateful to J.F. Slack and D. Gasquet for their fruitful and constructive comments and to Associate Editor P. Eilu and Editor G. Beaudoin for the careful handling, all of which improved this manuscript substantially.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco

    Amel El Arbaoui, Amina Wafik & Abderrahim Essaifi

  2. Laboratoire des Gîtes Minéraux, Hydrogéologie & Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, 60000, Oujda, Morocco

    Mohammed Bouabdellah

  3. Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Postfach 33 04 40, 28334, Bremen, Germany

    Andreas Klügel

  4. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, UQAM, 201 President Kennedy Boulevard, CP 8888 Centre Ville, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada

    Michel Jébrak

  5. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy

    Francesca Castorina

  6. Instituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria CNR, Sezione di Roma “La Sapienza”, 00185, Rome, Italy

    Francesca Castorina

  7. Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 OEX, UK

    Dave Lowry

  8. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada

    Pilar Lecumberri-Sanchez

  9. Managem Group, Twin Center, Tour A, Angle Boulevards Zerktouni et Al Massira Al Khadra, B.P. 5199, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco

    Lhou Maacha

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  1. Amel El Arbaoui
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Correspondence to Mohammed Bouabdellah.

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Editorial handling: P. Eilu

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

Representative electron microprobe compositions (wt%) and calculated structural formulae of sulfide, sulfosalt, and silver- and gold-bearing minerals from Roc Blanc Pb-Zn-Ag-Au deposit. (XLSX 31 kb)

ESM 2

Representative major and trace elements compositions of ore-related hydrothermal Ca-Fe-Mg carbonates of Roc Blanc Pb-Zn-Ag-Au deposit. (XLSX 25 kb)

ESM 3

Representative electron microprobe compositions (wt%) and calculated structural formulae of chlorite from major veins of Roc Blanc Pb-Zn-Ag-Au deposit. (XLSX 14 kb)

ESM 4

Chlorite from Roc Blanc Pb-Zn-Ag-Au deposit. (A) Classification of chlorite from altered wall rocks. (B) Frequency histogram showing distribution of chlorite formational temperatures based on approach of Cathelineau and Nieva (1985) and Kranidiotis and MacLean (1987). (PDF 335 kb)

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El Arbaoui, A., Bouabdellah, M., Wafik, A. et al. The Roc Blanc orogenic Pb-Zn-Ag-Au deposit (Morocco): a product of metamorphic dehydration and CO2 devolatilization during exhumation of the Variscan Jebilet massif. Miner Deposita 54, 437–458 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-018-0818-0

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