Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Relationships between processing, microstructure and properties of dense and reaction-bonded silicon nitride

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstracts

Some aspects of processing, microstructure and properties of the various types of silicon nitride are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the relationships between powder properties, process conditions, densification and microstructure, as well as the interdependence between microstructure and properties. After summarizing the areas of crystal structure and thermodynamic properties, and processing of the different types of Si3N4, the state-of-the-art of dense and reaction-bonded silicon nitride is given. For both types the formation mechanisms and microstructure, relationships between powder properties, additives (in the case of dense Si3N4), process conditions, and densification and microstructure, as well as data and microstructural effects of various mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical properties, are outlined. Advanced processing techniques, such as sintering, gas-pressure sintering, post-sintering, and the different routes of hot-isostatic pressing (starting with powder compacts, reaction-bonded Si3N4 or pre-sintered Si3N4 and the resulting properties, are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. F. L. Riley, (ed.), “Nitrogen Ceramics” (Noordhoff-Leyden, 1977).

  2. W. Bunk, M. Böhmer and H. Kissler, (eds), “Keramische Komponenten für Fahrzeug-Gasturbinen”, Vols I to III (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984).

    Google Scholar 

  3. E. M. Lende, R. N. Katz andJ. J. Burke (eds), “Ceramics for High-Performance Applications”, Vol. III (Plenum, New York, London, 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  4. F. L. Riley (ed.), “Progress in Nitrogen Ceramics” (Martinus Nijhoff, 1983).

  5. K. H. Jack, The Fabrication of Dense Nitrogen Ceramics, in “Hayne-Palmour IV: Processing of Crystalline Ceramics”, Vol. 11 (Materials Science Research, Plenum, New York, 1978) p. 561.

    Google Scholar 

  6. F. F. Lange,Int. Met. Rev. 1 (1980) 1.

    Google Scholar 

  7. G. Ziegler,Z. Werkstofftech. 14 (1983) 147.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Idem, ibid. 14 (1983) 189.

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. W. Edington, D. J. Rowcliffe andJ. L. Henshall,Powder Met. Int. 7 (1975) 82.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Idem, ibid. 7 (1975) 136.

    Google Scholar 

  11. D. C. Larsen andJ. W. Adams, “Evaluation of Ceramics and Ceramic Composites for Turbine Engine Applications”, IIT-Research Institute, Semiannual Interim Technical Report No. 13, June 1983; Contract F 33615-82-C-5101.

  12. I. B. Cutler andW. J. Croft,Powder Met. Int. 6 (1974) 82.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Idem, ibid. 6 (1974) 144.

    Google Scholar 

  14. D. R. Messier andW. J. Croft, Silicon Nitride, in “Preparation and Properties of Solid State Materials”, Vol. 7, edited by W. R. Wilcox (Marcel Dekker, New York, Basel, 1982) pp. 131–220.

    Google Scholar 

  15. D. R. Messier andM. M. Murphy, “An Annotated Bibliography on Silicon Nitride for Structural Applications” (Metals and Ceramics Information Center, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, MCIC-79-41, 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. Hardie andK. H. Jack,Nature 180 (1957) 332.

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. N. Ruddlesden andP. Popper,Acta Crystallogr. 11 (1958) 465.

    Google Scholar 

  18. S. Wild, P. Grieveson andK. H. Jack,Special Ceram. 5 (1972) 385.

    Google Scholar 

  19. H. Feld, P. Ettmayer andI. Petzenhauser,Ber. Dt. Keram. Ges. 51 (1974) 127.

    Google Scholar 

  20. C. M. B. Henderson andD. Taylor,Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 74 (1975) 49.

    Google Scholar 

  21. K. Blegen,Special Ceram. 6 (1975) 223.

    Google Scholar 

  22. P. E. D. Morgan, Research on Densification, Character and Properties of Dense Silicon Nitride; Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, TR AD 778 373 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  23. D. R. Messier andF. L. Riley, in “Nitrogen Ceramics”, edited by F. L. Riley (Noordhoff Leyden, 1977) pp. 141–9.

  24. G. Ziegler andJ. Heinrich,Sci. Ceram. 11 (1981) 511.

    Google Scholar 

  25. W. P. Clancy,Microscope 22 (1974) 279.

    Google Scholar 

  26. K. H. Jack, in “Nitrogen Ceramics”, edited by F. L. Riley (Noordhoff Leyden, 1977) pp. 109–28.

  27. D. P. Thompson, P. Korgul and A. Hendry, in “Progress in Nitrogen Ceramics“, edited by F. L. Riley (Matinus-Nijhoff, 1983) pp. 61–74.

  28. L. J. Gauckler andG. Petzow, in “Nitrogen Ceramics”, edited by F. L. Riley (Noordhoff Leyden, 1977) pp. 41–62.

  29. D. P. Thompson andL. J. Gauckler,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 60 (1977) 470–1.

    Google Scholar 

  30. S. Hampshire, H. K. Park, D. P. Thompson andK. H. Jack,Nature 274 (1978) 880.

    Google Scholar 

  31. P. Greil andG. Petzow, in “Keramische Komponenten für Fahrzeug-Gasturbinen”, edited by W. Bunk, M. Böhmer and H. Kissler, Vol. III (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984).

    Google Scholar 

  32. K. H. Jack, in “Progress in Nitrogen Ceramics”, edited by F. L. Riley (Martinus-Nijhoff, 1983) pp. 45–60.

  33. S. Prochazka andC. D. Greskovich, Development of a Sintering Process for High-Performance Silicon Nitride, AMMRC TR 78-32 (1978).

  34. S. C. Singhal,Ceramurg. Int. 2 (1976) 123.

    Google Scholar 

  35. G. Wötting, Thesis, TU Berlin (1983).

  36. K. Kijima andS. Shirasaki,J. Chem. Phys. 65 (1976) 2668.

    Google Scholar 

  37. H. Salmang andH. Scholze, “Die physikalischen and chemischen Grundlagen der Keramik” (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  38. A. J. Moulson,J. Mater. Sci. 14 (1979) 1017.

    Google Scholar 

  39. G. Wotting andG. Ziegler,Sprechsaal 119 (1986) pp. 265, 555, continued 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  40. E. Gugel, A. F. Fickel andH. Kessel,Powder Met. Int. 6 (1974) 136.

    Google Scholar 

  41. L. J. Bowen, R. J. Weston, T. G. Carruthers andR. J. Brook,J. Mater. Sci. 13 (1978) 341.

    Google Scholar 

  42. G. Ziegler, L. D. Bentsen andD. P. H. Hasselman,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 64 (1981) C350.

    Google Scholar 

  43. F. F. Lange,ibid. 56 (1973) 518.

    Google Scholar 

  44. G. R. Terwilliger andF. F. Lange, United States Patent 3 992 497, 16 November (1976).

  45. C. D. Greskovich andJ. H. Rosolowski,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 59 (1976) 336.

    Google Scholar 

  46. M. Mitomo,J. Mater. Sci. 11 (1976) 1103.

    Google Scholar 

  47. H. F. Priest, G. L. Priest andG. E. Gazza,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 60 (1977) 80.

    Google Scholar 

  48. A. Giachello, P. C. Martinengo, G. Tommasini andP. Popper,J. Mater. Sci. 14 (1979) 2825.

    Google Scholar 

  49. R. Pompe andR. Carlsson, in “Progress in Nitrogen Ceramics”, edited by F. L. Riley (Martinus-Nijhoff, 1983) pp. 219–24.

  50. G. Wotting andH. Hausner,ibid., p. 211.

  51. P. Popper, “Problems in Sintering Silicon Nitride”, Research Paper no. 699 (British Ceramic Society, October 1978).

  52. J. A. Mangels andG. J. Tennenhouse,Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 59 (1980) 1216.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Idem, ibid. 59 (1980) 1222.

    Google Scholar 

  54. A. Larker, Hot-Isostatic Pressing of Shaped Silicon Nitride Parts, in “High-Pressure Science and Technology”, Vol. 2, edited by K. D. Tummerhans and M. S. Barber (Plenum, New York, 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  55. J. Heinrich andM. Böhmer,Sci. Ceram. 11 (1981) 439.

    Google Scholar 

  56. H. Larker, AGARD Conference Proceedings no. 276, “Ceramics for Turbine Applications” (1979) 24/1-24/8, edited by E. Campo and P. Martinengo, AGARD Rep. no. 651 (1976).

  57. G. Ziegler andG. Wötting,Int. J. High Tech. Ceram. 1 (1985) 31.

    Google Scholar 

  58. W. D. Kingery,J. Appl. Phys. 30 (1959) 301.

    Google Scholar 

  59. H. Knoch andG. Ziegler,Sci. Ceram. 9 (1977) 494.

    Google Scholar 

  60. H. Knoch andG. E. Gazza,Ceramurg. Int. 6 (1980) 51.

    Google Scholar 

  61. S. Hampshire andK. H. Jack,Special Ceram. 7 (1981) 37.

    Google Scholar 

  62. P. Drew andM. H. Lewis,J. Mater. Sci. 9 (1974) 261.

    Google Scholar 

  63. F. F. Lange,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 62 (1979) 428.

    Google Scholar 

  64. G. Wötting andG. Ziegler,Ceramurg. Int. 10 (1984) 18.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Idem, Sci. Ceram. 12 (1983) 361.

    Google Scholar 

  66. D. R. Clarke andG. Thomas,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 61 (1978) 114.

    Google Scholar 

  67. D. R. Clarke,ibid. 64 (1981) 601.

    Google Scholar 

  68. T. M. Shaw, O. L. Krivanek andG. Thomas,ibid. 62 (1979) 305.

    Google Scholar 

  69. R. E. Loehman,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 42 (1980) 433.

    Google Scholar 

  70. G. Schwier, in “Keramische Komponenten für Fahrzeug-Gasturbinen”, Vol. III, edited by W. Bunk, M. Böhmer and H. Kissler (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984) p. 55.

    Google Scholar 

  71. S. T. Buljan andP. E. Stermer, US Patent 4073845, February (1978).

  72. M. Mori, H. Inoue andT. Ochiai, in “Progress in Nitrogen Ceramics”, edited by F. L. Riley (Martinus-Nijhoff, 1983) pp. 149.

  73. T. Yamate, T. Kawahito andT. Iwai, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ceramic Components for Engines, edited by S. Somiya, E. Kanai and K. Ando (KTK Scientific, Tokyo, 1983) p. 333.

    Google Scholar 

  74. P. R. Miller, J. G. Lee andI. B. Cutler,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 62 (1979) 147.

    Google Scholar 

  75. C. D. Greskovich andC. O'Clair,Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 57 (1978) 1055.

    Google Scholar 

  76. W. Engel,Powder Met. Int. 10 (1978) 124.

    Google Scholar 

  77. A. G. Evans, in “Progress in Nitrogen Ceramics”, edited by F. L. Riley (Martinus-Nijhoff, 1983) pp. 595–625.

  78. D. Munz, O. Rosenfelder, K. Goebbels andH. Reiter, in “Keramische Komponenten für FahrzeugGasturbinen”, Vol. 111, edited by W. Bunk, M. Böhmer and H. Kissler (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984) pp. 513–35.

    Google Scholar 

  79. G. Wotting, R. Peitzsch andH. Hausner,Sci. Sintering 17 (1985) 87.

    Google Scholar 

  80. G. Wötting andG. Ziegler,Powder Met. Int. 18 (1986) 35.

    Google Scholar 

  81. I. C. Huseby andG. Petzow,ibid. 6 (1974) 17.

    Google Scholar 

  82. H. Hausner,Sci. Ceram. 12 (1983) 229.

    Google Scholar 

  83. K. S. Mazdiyasni andC. M. Cooke,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 57 (1974) 536.

    Google Scholar 

  84. R. Peitzsch andH. Hausner, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ceramic Components for Engines, edited by S. Somiya, E. Kanai and K. Ando (KTK Scientific, Tokyo, 1983) p. 208.

    Google Scholar 

  85. J. Briggs,Mater. Res. Bull. 12 (1977) 1047.

    Google Scholar 

  86. C. L. Quackenbush, J. T. Smith, J. T. Neil and K. W. French, in “Progress in Nitrogen Ceramics”, edited by F. L. Riley (Martinus-Nijhoff, 1983) p. 669.

  87. L. J. Bowen, T. G. Carruthers andR. J. Brook,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 61 (1978) 335.

    Google Scholar 

  88. G. E. Gazza, in “Progress in Nitrogen Ceramics”, edited by F. L. Riley (Martinus-Nijhoff, 1983) p. 273.

  89. P. F. D. Morgan, F. F. Lange, D. R. Clarke andB. I. Davis,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 64 (1981) C77.

    Google Scholar 

  90. J. Dodsworth andD. P. Thompson,Sci. Ceram. 11 (1981) 51.

    Google Scholar 

  91. I. J. McColm,JEMMSE, to be published.

  92. G. Petzow andP. Greil, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ceramic Components for Engines, edited by S. Somiya, E. Kanai and K. Ando (KTK Scientific, Tokyo, 1983) p. 177.

    Google Scholar 

  93. G. Wötting andG. Ziegler,Fortschrittsber. DKG 1 (1985) 33.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Idem, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ceramic Components for Engines, edited by S. Somiya, E. Kanai and K. Ando (KTK Scientific, Tokyo, 1983) p. 412.

    Google Scholar 

  95. B. Kanka, G. Wötting andG. Ziegler, in preparation.

  96. C. D. Greskovich andJ. A. Palm, Development of High Performance Sintered Si3NP4; Report No. AMMRC TR 80–46, September (1980).

  97. G. Wötting andG. Ziegler,Fortschritisber. DKG (1986) to be published.

  98. P. L. Antona, A. Giachello andP. C. Martinengo, in “Ceramic Powders”, Proceedings 5th CIMTEC, edited by P. Vincenzini (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1983) pp. 753–66.

    Google Scholar 

  99. R. Pompe, L. Hermansson andR. Carlson,Sprechsaal 115 (1982) 1098.

    Google Scholar 

  100. J. A. Mangels, “Sintered Reaction-Bonded Si3N4 for the AGT 101 Turbine Rotor”; Report prepared for NASA-Lewis, Contract No. DEN 3-167, November (1980).

  101. H. J. Kleebe, G. Wötting andG. Ziegler, in Proceedings 6th CIMTEC, to be published.

  102. J. Heinrich andM. Böhmer,Powder Met. Int. 16 (1984) 233.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Idem, ibid 16 (1984) 283.

    Google Scholar 

  104. G. K. Watson, T. J. Moore andM. L. Millard,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 67 (1984) C208.

    Google Scholar 

  105. J. Heinrich, N. Henn andM. Böhmer,Mater. Sci. Eng. 71 (1985) 131.

    Google Scholar 

  106. K. Homma, T. Tatsund, H. Okada andH. Takada,Zairyo 31 (1982) 960.

    Google Scholar 

  107. G. Ziegler,Z. Werkstofftech. 16 (1985) 44.

    Google Scholar 

  108. A. Tsuge andK. Nishida,Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 57 (1978) 424.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Idem, ibid. 57 (1978) 431.

    Google Scholar 

  110. G. Himsolt, H. Knoch, H. Hübner andF. W. Kleinlein,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 62 (1979) 29.

    Google Scholar 

  111. J. Heinrich andM. Böhmer,Ber. Dtsch. Keram. Ges. 61 (1984) 399.

    Google Scholar 

  112. F. Thümmler andG. Grathwohl, “Creep of Ceramic Materials for Gas Turbine Applications” AGARD Rep. no. 651 (1976).

  113. S. Ud Din andP. S. Nicholson,J. Mater. Sci. 10 (1975) 1375.

    Google Scholar 

  114. J. M. Birch andB. Wilshire,ibid. 13 (1978) 2627.

    Google Scholar 

  115. P. J. Dixon-Stubbs andB. Wilshire,ibid. 14 (1979) 2773.

    Google Scholar 

  116. R. A. L. Drew, S. Hampshire andK. H. Jack,Special Ceram. 7 (1981) 119.

    Google Scholar 

  117. S. C. Singhal,J. Mater. Sci. 11 (1976) 500.

    Google Scholar 

  118. D. Cubicciotti, K. H. Lau andR. L. Jones,J. Electrochem. Soc. 124 (1977) 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  119. G. N. Babini, A. Bellosi andP. Vincenzini,Sci. Ceram. 11 (1981) 291.

    Google Scholar 

  120. M. H. Lewis andP. Barnard,J. Mater. Sci 15 (1980) 443.

    Google Scholar 

  121. D. R. Clarke, in “Progress in Nitrogen Ceramics”, edited by F. L. Riley (Martinus-Nijhoff, 1983) pp. 421–6.

  122. P. Vincenzini andA. Babini, in “Sintered Metal Ceramic Composites”, edited by G. S. Upadhyaya (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984) p. 425.

    Google Scholar 

  123. R. N. Katz andG. E. Gazza, in “Nitrogen Ceramics ”, edited by F. L. Riley (Noordhoff Leyden, 1977) pp. 417–31.

  124. J. F. Weston, P. L. Pratt andB. C. H. Steele,J. Mater. Sci. 13 (1978) 2137.

    Google Scholar 

  125. P. Greil, J. C. Bressiani andG. Petzow, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ceramic Components, edited by S. Somiya, E. Kanai and K. Ando (KTK Scientific, Tokyo, 1983) pp. 228–35.

    Google Scholar 

  126. R. J. Lumby,Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 3 (1982) 50.

    Google Scholar 

  127. E. Butler, R. J. Lumby andA. Szweda, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ceramic Components, edited by S. Somiya, E. Kanai and K. Ando (KTK Scientific, Toyko, 1983) p. 159.

    Google Scholar 

  128. G. Ziegler, in “Progress in Nitrogen Ceramics”, edited by F. L. Riley (Martinus-Nijhoff, 1983) p. 565.

  129. G. Ziegler, K. Bentsen andD. P. H. Hasselman,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 64 (1981) C35.

    Google Scholar 

  130. G. Ziegler andD. P. H. Hasselman,J. Mater. Sci. 61 (1981) 495.

    Google Scholar 

  131. G. Ziegler,Z. Werkstofftech. 16 (1985) 12.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Idem 16 (1985) 81.

    Google Scholar 

  133. G. Ziegler andD. P. H. Hasselman,Ceramurg. Int. 5 (1979) 126.

    Google Scholar 

  134. G. Ziegler andH. Knoch,Special Ceram. 7 (1981) 145.

    Google Scholar 

  135. G. Ziegler, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ceramic Components for Engines, edited by S. Somiya, E. Kanai and K. Ando (KTK Scientific, Tokyo, 1983) pp. 236–248.

    Google Scholar 

  136. G. Ziegler,Ber. Dt. Keram. Ges. 55 (1978) 397.

    Google Scholar 

  137. D. R. Messier andP. Wong,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 56 (1973) 480.

    Google Scholar 

  138. H. M. Jennings andM. H. Richman,J. Mater. Sci. 11 (1976) 2087.

    Google Scholar 

  139. A. Atkinson, A. J. Moulson andE. W. Roberts,J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 59 (1976) 285.

    Google Scholar 

  140. A. Atkinson, P. J. Leatt, A. J. Moulson andE. W. Roberts,J. Mater. Sci. 9 (1974) 981.

    Google Scholar 

  141. D. Campos-Loritz andF. L. Riley,Sci. Ceram. 9 (1977) 38.

    Google Scholar 

  142. P. Longland andA. J. Moulson,J. Mater. Sci. 13 (1978) 2279.

    Google Scholar 

  143. M. W. Lindley, D. P. Elias, B. F. Jones andK. C. Pitman,ibid. 14 (1979) 70.

    Google Scholar 

  144. A. G. Evans andJ. V. Sharp, in “Electron Microscopy and Structure of Materials”, edited by G. Thomas, R. M. Fulrath and R. M. Fisher (University of California Press, 1972) pp. 1141–54.

  145. S. C. Danforth andM. H. Richman,Metallogr. 9 (1976) 321.

    Google Scholar 

  146. M. Mitomo,J. Mater. Sci. 12 (1977) 273.

    Google Scholar 

  147. W. M. Dawson, P. Arundale andA. J. Moulson,Sci. Ceram. 9 (1977) 111.

    Google Scholar 

  148. J. Heinrich andG. Streb,J. Mater. Sci. 14 (1979) 2083.

    Google Scholar 

  149. J. Heinrich, Thesis, TU Berlin (1979).

  150. J. Heinrich,Ber. Dt. Keram. Ges. 55 (1978) 238.

    Google Scholar 

  151. B. F. Jones andM. W. Lindley,Powder Met. Int. 8 (1976) 32.

    Google Scholar 

  152. J. Heinrich andH. Hausner, in “Energy and Ceramics”, Proceedings of the 4th International Meeting on Modern Ceramics Technologies, edited by P. Vincenzini, (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, 1980) pp. 780–92.

    Google Scholar 

  153. H. J. Kleebe andG. Ziegler,Sci. Ceram. 13 (1985) 97.

    Google Scholar 

  154. S. M. Boyer andA. J. Moulson,J. Mater. Sci. 13 (1978) 1637.

    Google Scholar 

  155. R. B. Guthrie andF. L. Riley,ibid. 9 (1974) 1363.

    Google Scholar 

  156. D. J. Godfrey, Proc. Brit. Ceram. Soc.25 (1975) 325.

    Google Scholar 

  157. A. Marcks, Thesis, TU Berlin (1980).

  158. J. A. Mangels,Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 60 (1981) 613.

    Google Scholar 

  159. R. W. Davidge andA. G. Evans,Mat. Sci. Eng. 6 (1970) 381.

    Google Scholar 

  160. A. G. Evans, in “Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics”, edited by R. C. Bradt et al. (Plenum, New York, 1974) p. 17.

    Google Scholar 

  161. B. J. Dalgleish andP. L. Pratt,Proc. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 25 (1975) 295.

    Google Scholar 

  162. A. G. Evans andR. W. Davidge,J. Mater. Sci. 5 (1970) 314.

    Google Scholar 

  163. J. Heinrich andD. Munz,Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 59 (1980) 1221.

    Google Scholar 

  164. R. W. Rice,J. Mater. Sci. 12 (1977) 627.

    Google Scholar 

  165. R. W. Davidge, in “Nitrogen Ceramics”, edited by F. L. Riley (Noordhoff-Leyden, 1977) pp. 541–59.

  166. J. Heinrich andW. Bunk,Interceram. 5 (1981) 489.

    Google Scholar 

  167. F. Porz, “Reaktionsgesintertes Siliciumnitrid: Charakterisierung, Oxidation und mechanische Eigenschaften” (KFK, Bericht 3375, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  168. G. Grathwohl andF. Thümmler,J. Mater. Sci. 13 (1978) 1177.

    Google Scholar 

  169. F. Thümmler, G. Grathwohl andF. Porz, in “Keramische Komponenten für Fahrzeug-Gasturbinen”, Vol. III, edited by W. Bunk, M. Böhmer and H. Kissler (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984) pp. 449–85.

    Google Scholar 

  170. G. Ziegler,Sci. Ceram. 11 (1981) 503.

    Google Scholar 

  171. F. Porz, G. Grathwohl andF. Thümmler,Proc. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 31 (1981) 157.

    Google Scholar 

  172. J. V. Sharp,J. Mater. Sci. 8 (1973) 1755.

    Google Scholar 

  173. J. E. Siebels, in “Ceramics for High-Performance Applications”, Vol. III, edited by E. M. Lenoe, R. N. Katz and J. J. Burke (Plenum, New York, 1979) p. 793.

    Google Scholar 

  174. J. M. Birch andB. Wilshire,J. Mater. Sci. 13 (1978) 2627.

    Google Scholar 

  175. G. Grathwohl andF. Thümmler,Ceramurg. Int. 6 (1980) 43.

    Google Scholar 

  176. J. Heinrich, D. Munz andG. Ziegler,Powder Met. Int. 14 (1982) 153.

    Google Scholar 

  177. D. Brucklacher andW. Dienst,J. Nucl. Mater. 42 (1972) 285.

    Google Scholar 

  178. G. Ziegler andR. Ziegler,Special Ceram. 7 (1981) 133.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Idem, Microstruct. Sci. 9 (1981) 92.

    Google Scholar 

  180. G. Ziegler andJ. Heinrich,Ceramurg. Int. 6 (1980) 25.

    Google Scholar 

  181. G. Ziegler, in “Engineering with Ceramics”, edited by R. W. Davidge (British Ceramic Society, Shelton, Stoke-on-Trent, 1982) pp. 213–25.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Werkstoff-Forschung, Postfach 90 60 58, D-5000, Köln 90, FRG

    G. Ziegler, J. Heinrich & G. Wötting

Authors
  1. G. Ziegler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Heinrich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. Wötting
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ziegler, G., Heinrich, J. & Wötting, G. Relationships between processing, microstructure and properties of dense and reaction-bonded silicon nitride. J Mater Sci 22, 3041–3086 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01161167

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01161167

Keywords

Search

Navigation