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Crop Wild Relatives of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Throughout North America

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North American Crop Wild Relatives, Volume 2

Abstract

Although cultivated grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) were domesticated from their closest relative in Central Asia, grape wild relatives from North America are vital due to their use as grafted rootstocks. Rootstocks derived from North American Vitis species are critical to the global wine, table, and raisin grape industries for resistance to the root pest phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae). These rootstocks can also provide other benefits such as cold and drought tolerance, nematode and disease resistance, and control over vigor and phenology. Phylogenetic studies of the many Vitis species native to North America often disagree on the number of species and their boundaries, specifically in the Southwestern United States and Mexico. The wild vines are all dioecious and, with the exception of subgenus Muscadinia Planchon, interfertile – allowing for interspecific hybridization wherever ranges overlap. A better understanding of the relationships between North American Vitis species is needed to identify gaps in the current ex situ germplasm collections. Additionally, efforts must be made to safeguard dwindling populations of some species in their native environments. Conservation of these valuable genetic resources will ensure that grape breeders throughout the world have the necessary diversity to adapt to a changing environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Arid Land Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Parlier, CA, USA

    Claire C. Heinitz

  2. Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Jake Uretsky, Karla G. Huerta-Acosta & M. Andrew Walker

  3. Wine and Viticulture, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA

    Jean C. Dodson Peterson

Authors
  1. Claire C. Heinitz
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  2. Jake Uretsky
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  3. Jean C. Dodson Peterson
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  4. Karla G. Huerta-Acosta
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  5. M. Andrew Walker
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Claire C. Heinitz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service Center for Agricultural Resources, Research, National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Stephanie L. Greene

  2. USDA, Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research, Center, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA

    Karen A. Williams

  3. USDA, Agricultural Research Service Center for Agricultural Resources, Research, National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Colin K. Khoury

  4. Tropical Plant and Soil Science, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Michael B. Kantar

  5. Department of Agronomy/North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

    Laura F. Marek

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Heinitz, C.C., Uretsky, J., Dodson Peterson, J.C., Huerta-Acosta, K.G., Walker, M.A. (2019). Crop Wild Relatives of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Throughout North America. In: Greene, S., Williams, K., Khoury, C., Kantar, M., Marek, L. (eds) North American Crop Wild Relatives, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97121-6_10

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