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Fish Oil n-3 Fatty Acids to Prevent Hippocampus and Cognitive Dysfunction in Experimental Alcoholism

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Alcohol, Nutrition, and Health Consequences

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Abstract

Recently, a substantial body of evidence has evolved in literature indicating that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are critical contributors to cell structure and function of the nervous system [1–4]. n-3 PUFA deficiency causes memory deficit [5], learning disability [6, 7], and visual activity loss [8]. Various neurological disease states in humans are associated with a deficient n-3 PUFA status [9, 10]. Epidemiological studies have shown interrelationship between n-3 long-chain PUFA intake, low plasma n-3 PUFA concentrations, and risk of cognitive impairment [11]. Such neurodegenerative diseases as generalized peroxisomal disorders and Alzheimer’s disease are associated with low levels of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), the major n-3 fatty acid found in brain [12, 13]. Dietary supply of 22:6n-3 has been shown to reduce neuronal injury in experimental brain ischemia [14, 15] and Alzheimer’s disease [16] and to improve some symptoms in patients with peroxisomal disorders [17]. It is worth noting that reference memory or working memory can be enhanced in normal animals or improved in 22:6n-3-deficient animals by fish oil supplementation [18]. Hippocampus and olfactory bulbs which accumulate greater 22:6n-3 showed stronger resistance to dietary 22:6n-3 deprivation and better 22:6n-3 recovery than the visual cortex, frontal cortex, and cerebellum. Results obtained suggest a critical role of 22:6n-3 in the development and maintenance of learning memory performance. Important trophic control by 22:6n-3 of hippocampus-dependent neuronal function such as learning and memory has been suggested [19, 20]. 22:6n-3 supplementation for 6 days increased the dendritic length and number of dendritic branches, which in turn would affect the number and quality of synaptic connections during organism development and in adulthood. It is conceivable that the derivatives of 22:6n-3 rather than 22:6n-3 by itself may mediate the observed effect of n-3 PUFA on the neurite growth [21, 22]. The trophic action of n-3 PUFA on the neuronal differentiation may be derived from the facilitated membrane interaction and activation of Raf-1 or Akt due to phosphatidylserine (PS) increase, as observed for neuronal survival.

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  1. Department of Physiology of Ontogenesis, Institute of Biology, Kharkov Karazin National University, 4, Svobody Pl., Kharkov, 61077, Ukraine

    Nataliya A. Babenko Ph.D., D.Si.

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  1. Arizona Health Science Center, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave. ROOM 4335, TUCSON, 85724-5155, Arizona, USA

    Ronald Ross Watson

  2. Dept. Nutrition & Dietetics, King's College, Stamford St. 150, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. Division of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, 85724, Arizona, USA

    Sherma Zibadi

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Babenko, N.A. (2013). Fish Oil n-3 Fatty Acids to Prevent Hippocampus and Cognitive Dysfunction in Experimental Alcoholism. In: Watson, R., Preedy, V., Zibadi, S. (eds) Alcohol, Nutrition, and Health Consequences. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-047-2_17

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