Abstract
Tissue engineering techniques, to replace wounded or missing tissue, are advancing rapidly to ensure the speedy recovery of patients. However, this field faces limitations of cells and biomaterials which prevents the acceleration of regeneration. Low level light therapy, a physical therapy, shows potential in enhancing and supporting the existing medicinal treatments. Visible light in the red and near-infrared range has shown to have positive stimulatory effects on various types of cells involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration. As angiogenesis is an essential part of this process, light therapy was investigated in multiple studies to see its beneficial effect on vessel formation. In vitro, in vivo, and in a clinical setup, LLLT therapy proved that it is capable of stimulating not only endothelial cells but other cells such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and lymphocytes which are involved in the vessel formation process. It triggers the activation of cytochrome c oxidase, which leads to the production of NO, ROS, and ATP in the mitochondria. These molecules appear to act as secondary messengers initiating ERK/Sp1 and PI3K signaling pathway, which in turn leads to proliferation, migration, and the synthesis of proangiogenic factors. This data indicates that LLLT could be a promising adjuvant treatment in the future.
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Chaudary, S., Rieger, S., Redl, H., Dungel, P. (2021). Stimulation by Light. In: Holnthoner, W., Banfi, A., Kirkpatrick, J., Redl, H. (eds) Vascularization for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54586-8_4
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