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From Leaky Gut to Tissue Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases

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Gut Microbiome, Microbial Metabolites and Cardiometabolic Risk

Part of the book series: Endocrinology ((ENDOCR))

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Abstract

Although the gut microbiota has shown its importance in the control of health, recent discoveries have shifted the paradigm to the tissue microbiota. This hypothesis is defined by alive bacteria residing chronically in tissues and or bacterial fragments often characterized by the sequencing of the 16SrRNA gene. The tissue microbiota is specific per tissue and widely spread even in non-pathogenic situations. At the onset of metabolic disease, it is supposed to trigger metabolic inflammation leading to insulin resistance, and adipose cells proliferation, thereby obesity. Many other diseases have been so far characterized by a tissue microbiota, notably hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Its origin requires an impaired intestinal function meaning a leaky gut. A gut leakiness occurring during diseases will lead to the translocation of specific sets of bacteria or fragments toward tissues. The mechanisms are unknown but could be related to impaired intestinal immune system or defensin production by enterocytes no longer preventing from mucosal bacteria crossing through the epithelial layer and lamina propria. A control of gut leakiness could help prevent the occurrence of chronic inflammatory diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM 1297) InCOMM team, Toulouse, France

    Rémy Burcelin

  2. Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team inCOMM, 1 rue Jean Poulhès, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse Cedex 4, France

    Rémy Burcelin

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Correspondence to Rémy Burcelin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

    Massimo Federici

  2. Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

    Rossella Menghini

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Burcelin, R. (2024). From Leaky Gut to Tissue Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases. In: Federici, M., Menghini, R. (eds) Gut Microbiome, Microbial Metabolites and Cardiometabolic Risk. Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35064-1_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35064-1_4

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