Abstract
Liked and disliked in equal measure, Horace Mann (1796–1859) disrupted the nineteenth-century educational, political, and social status quo. As the advocate for universal public education and quality teacher training, Mann brought to the public’s attention the moral and financial imperative to advance the human race through the education of all children, not simply those with the means to afford it. Best known for developing the six principles of education, Mann maintained that (a) a free citizenry is incompatible with ignorance; (b) education should be paid for and controlled by the public; (c) education should be provided in schools, to students from all backgrounds; (d) education must be nonsectarian; (e) education must be taught using tenets of a free society; and finally, (f) this education must be given by well-trained teachers. Mann’s arguments, issues, and questions remain as prevalent today as they did in the 1800s. This chapter will examine the underlying influences and motivations of Mann’s theories, actions, and subsequent contributions to the field of education while also addressing the legacies and ideas yet to see fruition.
References
Brouillette, M. (1999). The 1830s and 40s: Horace Mann, the end of free-market education, and the rise of government schools. Retrieved from Mackinac Center for Public Policy: https://www.mackinac.org/2035
Carleton, D. (2009). The first amendment encyclopedia. Retrieved from Horace Mann: https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1283/horace-mann
Congressional Research Service. (2018). Teacher preparation policies and issues in the higher education act. Retrieved from Congressional Research Service: https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R45407.pdf
Copeland, M. (2009). The tragedy of the common school. Studies in Education, 6(2), 257–266.
Cremin, L. A. (Ed.). (1957). Republic and the school: Horace Mann on the education of free men. Teachers College Press.
Evans, R., & Saracho, O. (2022). The influence of theorists and pioneers on early childhood education. Routledge.
Fenner, M., & Fishburn, E. (1946). Horace Mann and teacher education. The Journal of Education, 129(6), 210–212.
Finkelstein, B. (1990). Perfecting childhood: Horace Mann and the origins of public education in the United States. Biography & Education, 13(1), 6–20.
Gallup. (2014). Gallup student poll 2014 U.S. overall report: Measuring non-cognitive metrics that predict student success. Washington, D.C.: Gallup, Inc.
Harris, W. (1896). Horace Mann. The Journal of Education, 44(8), 140–142.
Hee Go, M. (2011). Saving public education. State and Local Government Review, 43(1), 72–76.
Henkin, A., & Ignasias, C. (1978). Planning in public education: Lessons from Horace Mann and Henry Barnard. The Clearing House, 51(9), 430–435.
IES. (2021). Recent research and developments in school finance. Retrieved from Institute of Education Sciences: https://ies.ed.gov/blogs/research/post/recent-research-and-developments-in-school-finance
Jefferson, T. (1816). Thomas Jefferson to Charles Yancey, January 6, 1816. Retrieved from Library of Congress: https://www.loc.gov/resource/mtj1.048_0731_0734/?sp=4&st=textJewett, T. (1997). Thomas Jefferson and the purposes of education. The Educational Forum, 61(2), 110–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131729709335239.
Kaplan, S., & Owings, W. (2023). Critical resource theory: A conceptual lens for identifying, diagnosing, and addressing Inequities in school funding. Routledge.
Mann, H. (1890). Annual reports of the Secretary of the Board of Education of Massachusetts for the years 1845–1848. Lee & Shephard Publishers.
Mann, H. (1910). Taxation obstacle to education. The Journal of Education, 71(20), 546.
Messerli, J. (1965). Localism and state control in Horace Mann’s reform of the common schools. American Quarterly, 17(1), 104–118.
Mudge, G. O. (1937). Horace Mann and his educational ideas. The High School Journal, 20(5), 163–169.
NCES. (2021). Educational institutions. Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics: https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=84
Nietz, J. (1937). Horace Mann’s ideas on general methods in education. The Elementary School Journal, 37(10), 742–751.
Pestalozzi, J. (1746–1827). (2022). Retrieved from education encyclopedia: https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2319/Pestalozzi-Johann-1746-1827.html
Schools: Studies in Education. (2009). Lectures on education. Schools: Studies in Education, 6(2), 226–240.
Sellars, M., & Imig, D. (2021). Pestalozzi and pedagogies of love: Pathways to educational reform. Early Child Development and Care, 191(7–8), 1152–1163.
Steiner, E., & Woo, A. (2021). Job-related stress threatens the teacher supply: Key findings from the 2021 state of the U.S. teacher survey. Retrieved from RAND Corporation: Research Reports: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1108-1.html
Taylor, B. (2022). Horace Mann’s troubling legacy: The education of democratic citizens. Retrieved from University of Kansas Press: https://kansaspress.ku.edu/978-0-7006-1745-6.html
The Journal of Education. (1925). Horace Mann, personally and professionally. The Journal of Education, 101(6), 149–168, 170–172.
UNICEF. (2019). Social and emotional learning in early years – crucial for brain development. Retrieved from UNICEF: https://www.unicef.org/northmacedonia/press-releases/social-and-emotional-learning-early-years-crucial-brain-development
Vinovskis, M. A. (1970). Horace Mann on the economic productivity of education. The New England Quarterly, 43(4), 550–571.
Wimpey, A. (1959). After one hundred years: Horace Mann’s influence in today’s schools. The Phi Delta Kappan, 40(5), 206–208.
Further Reading
Cremin, L. A. (Ed.). (1957). Republic and the School: Horace Mann on the education of free men. Teachers College Press.
Mann, H. (1890). Annual reports of the secretary of the Board of Education of Massachusetts for the years 1845–1848. Lee & Shephard Publishers.
Mann, H. (2017). Life and works of Horace Mann (Vol. 1). Creative Media Partners, LLC.
Mann, H. (2018). Lectures on education. BiblioLife, LLC.
The Journal of Education. (1925). Horace Mann, personally and professionally. The Journal of Education, 101(6), 170–172.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Hendricks, A. (2023). Horace Mann (1796–1859). In: Geier, B.A. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Educational Thinkers . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81037-5_54-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81037-5_54-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-81037-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-81037-5
eBook Packages: Springer Reference EducationReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Education
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Horace Mann- Published:
- 01 March 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81037-5_54-2
-
Original
Horace Mann (1796–1859)- Published:
- 07 February 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81037-5_54-1