Skip to main content

Alginate from Azotobacter vinelandii

  • Protocol
Carbohydrate Biotechnology Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Biotechnology™ ((MIBT,volume 10))

Abstract

Alginates are a group of polysaccharides occurring as structural components or as capsular materials in the cell wall of the brown seaweeds or soil bacteria, respectively (1). About 30,000 metric tons of sodium alginates per year are currently used in the food, pharmaceutical, textile and paper industries as thickening, stabilising and jellifying agents (2). Since only a few of the many species of brown algae are suitable and are limited in abundance and location for commercial alginate production, there is at present interest in the bacterial production of alginate-like polymers (35).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Moe, S. T., Draget, K. I., Skjåk-Bræk, G., and Smidsrød, O. (1995) Alginates, in Food Polysaccharides and Their Applications (Stephen, A. M., ed.), Marcel Dekker, NY, pp. 245–286.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Smidsrød, O. and Draget, K. I. (1996) Chemistry and physical properties of alginates. Carb. Eur. 14, 6–13.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Brivonese, A. C. and Sutherland, I. W. (1989) Polymer production by a mucoid strain of Azotobacter vinelandii in batch culture. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30, 97–102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kennedy, L., McDowell, K., and Sutherland, I. W. (1992) Alginates from Azotobacter vinelandii. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138, 2465–2471.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sutherland, I. W. (1994) Biopolymers: their production and their potential in Proc. Physiology, Kinetics, Production and Use of Biopolymers (Braunegg, G., ed.), Schloss Seggau, Austria, May 13–15, 1994, pp. 18–29.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Clementi, F., Fantozzi, P., Mancini, F., and Moresi, M. (1995) Optimal conditions for alginate production by Azotobacter vinelandii. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 17, 983–988.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Clementi, F., Parente, E., Ricciardi, A., Mancini, F., and Moresi, M. (1996). Produzione e caratterizzazione di alginato da A. vinelandii DSM 576 e scaling-up in fermentatore da laboratorio, in Ricerche ed Innovazioni nell’Industria Alimentare, vol. 2 (Porretta, S., ed.), Chiriotti Editori, Pinerolo, pp. 388–400.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Crescenzi, V. (1995) Microbial polysaccharides of applied interest: ongoing research activities in Europe. Biotechnol. Progress, 11(3), 251–259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Clementi, F., Mancini, F., Mancini, M., and Moresi M. (1997) Rheological behaviour of aqueous dispersions of bacterial sodium alginate, in Engineering ⇐p; Food at ICEF7, Part I (Jowitt, R., ed.), Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, UK, pp. E25–28.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Mian, F. A., Jarman, T. R., and Righelato, R. C. (1978) Biosynthesis of exopolysaccharide by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 134, 418–422.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Miller, G. L. (1959) Use of dinitrosalycilic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars. Anal. Chem. 31, 426–428.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Strickland, J. D. H. and Parson, T. R. (1968) A Practical Handbook for Sea-Water Analysis. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bull. no. 167.

    Google Scholar 

  13. ASTM (1964) Standard method of test for kinetic viscosity (ASTM D445-IP 71). in ASTM Standards: Electrical Insulating Materials, Part 29. American Society for Testing and Materials, Baltimore, pp. 312–363.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kennedy, J. F. and Bradshaw, I. J. (1984) A rapid method for the assay of alginates in solution using polyhexamethylenebiguanidinium chloride. Brit. Polymer J. 16, 95–101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Conti, E., Flaibani, A., O’Regan, M., and Sutherland, I. W. (1994) Alginate from Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida: production and properties. Microbiol. 140, 1125–1132.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Smidsrød, O. (1970) Solution properties of alginate. Carbohydr. Res. 13, 359–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Launey, B., Doublier, J. L., and Cuvelier, G. (1986) Flow properties of aqueous solutions and dispersions of polysaccharides, in Functional Properties of Food Macromolecules (Mitchell, J. R. and Ledward, D. A., eds.), Elsevier Applied Science, London, UK, pp. 1–78.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Donnan, F. G. and Rose, R. C. (1950) Osmotic pressure, molecular weight, and viscosity of sodium alginate. Can. J. Research 28(Sec. B), 105–113.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Martinsen, A., Skjåak-Bræk, G., Smidsrød, O., Zanetti, F., and Poletti, S. (1991) Comparison of different methods for determination of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of alginates. Carbohydr. Polymers 15, 171–193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Parente, E., Crudele, M. A., Aquino, M., and Clementi, F. (1998) Alginate production by Azotobacter vinelandii DSM 576 in batch fermentation. J. Indust. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 20, 171–176.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Annison, G. and Couperwhite, I. (1984) Consequences of the association of calcium with alginate during batch culture of Azotobacter vinelandii. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 19, 321–325.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chen, W.-P., Chen, J.-Y., Chang, S.-C., and Su, C.-L. (1985) Bacterial alginate produced by a mutant of Azotobacter vinelandii. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49, 543–546.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Horan, N. J., Jarman, T. R., and Dawes, E. A. (1981) Effects of carbon source and inorganic phosphate concentration on the production of alginic acid by a mutant of Azotobacter vinelandii and on the enzymes involved in its biosynthesis. J. Gen. Microbiol. 127, 185–191.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Horan, N. J., Jarman, T. R., and Dawes, E. A. (1983) Studies on some enzymes of alginic acid biosynthesis in Azotobacter vinelandii grown in continuous culture. J. Gen. Microbiol. 129, 2985–2990.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jarman, T. R., Deavin, L., Slocombe, S., and Righelato, R. C. (1978) Investigation on the effect of environmental conditions on the rate of exopolysaccharide synthesis in Azotobacter vinelandii. J. Gen. Microbiol. 107, 59–64.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lebrun, L., Junter, G.-A., Jouenee, T., and Mignot, L. (1994) Exopolysaccharide production by free and microbial cultures. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 16, 1048–1054.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Peciña, A. and Paneque, A. (1994) Studies on some enzymes of alginic acid biosynthesis in mucoid and nonmucoid Azotobacter chroococcum strains. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 49, 51–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Da Silva, J. A. L. and Rao, M. A. (1992) Viscoelastic properties of food hydrocolloid dispersions, in Viscoelastic Properties of Foods (Rao, M. A. and Steffe, J. F., eds.), Elsevier Applied Science, London, UK, pp. 285–315.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Lapasin, R. and Pricl, S. (1995) Rheology of Industrial Polysaccharides: Theory and Applications. Blackie Academic ⇐p; Professional, London, UK, pp. 267–280.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Clementi, F., Moresi, M., Parente, E. (1999). Alginate from Azotobacter vinelandii . In: Bucke, C. (eds) Carbohydrate Biotechnology Protocols. Methods in Biotechnology™, vol 10. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-261-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-261-6_3

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-563-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-261-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics