Skip to main content

GC-MS-Based 13C Metabolic Flux Analysis

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Metabolic Flux Analysis

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1191))

Abstract

The in vivo analysis of metabolic fluxes has become a valuable method for the investigation of microorganisms. It turned out especially useful in industrial biotechnology for the prediction of beneficial genetic targets for rational strain optimization. Here, we describe in detail the procedure for the state-of-the-art approach of 13C metabolic flux analysis comprising steady-state cultivations in a mineral salt medium with 13C-labeled substrates, GC-MS measurement for labeling analysis, as well as metabolic modeling using the open-source software OpenFlux.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Becker J, Wittmann C (2012) Pathways at work—metabolic flux analysis of the industrial cell factory Corynebacterium glutamicum. In: Yukawa H, Masayuki I (eds) Corynebacterium glutamicum, 1st edn. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  2. Wiechert W (2001) 13C metabolic flux analysis. Metab Eng 3(3):195–206. doi:10.1006/mben.2001.0187

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kelleher JK (2001) Flux estimations using isotopic tracers: common ground for metabolic physiology and metabolic engineering. Metab Eng 3:100–110. doi:10.1006/mben.2001.0185

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Wittmann C (2007) Fluxome analysis using GC-MS. Microb Cell Fact 6:6. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-6-6

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kohlstedt M, Becker J, Wittmann C (2010) Metabolic fluxes and beyond-systems biology understanding and engineering of microbial metabolism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 88(5):1065–1075. doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2854-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Christensen B, Nielsen J (1999) Isotopomer analysis using GC-MS. Metab Eng 1(4):282–290. doi:10.1006/mben.1999.0117

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Wittmann C (2002) Metabolic flux analysis using mass spectrometry. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 74:39–64

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Quek L-E, Wittmann C, Nielsen LK et al (2009) OpenFLUX: efficient modelling software for 13C-based metabolic flux analysis. Microb Cell Fact 8:25. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-8-25

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Wittmann C, Hans M, Heinzle E (2002) In vivo analysis of intracellular amino acid labelings by GC/MS. Anal Biochem 307(2): 379–382

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Becker J, Klopprogge C, Wittmann C (2008) Metabolic responses to pyruvate kinase deletion in lysine producing Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 7:8. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-7-8

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Becker J, Klopprogge C, Schröder H et al (2009) Metabolic engineering of the tricarboxylic acid cycle for improved lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Environ Microbiol 75(24):7866–7869. doi:10.1128/AEM.01942-09

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kind S, Becker J, Wittmann C (2013) Increased lysine production by flux coupling of tricarboxylic acid cycle and biosynthetic pathway—metabolic engineering of succinyl-CoA availability in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Metab Eng 15:184–195

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. van Winden WA, Wittmann C, Heinzle E et al (2002) Correcting mass isotopomer distributions for naturally occurring isotopes. Biotechnol Bioeng 80(4):477–479. doi:10.1002/bit.10393

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christoph Wittmann .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Becker, J., Wittmann, C. (2014). GC-MS-Based 13C Metabolic Flux Analysis. In: Krömer, J., Nielsen, L., Blank, L. (eds) Metabolic Flux Analysis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1191. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1170-7_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1170-7_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1169-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1170-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics