Abstract
The in vivo analysis of metabolic fluxes has become a valuable method for the investigation of microorganisms. It turned out especially useful in industrial biotechnology for the prediction of beneficial genetic targets for rational strain optimization. Here, we describe in detail the procedure for the state-of-the-art approach of 13C metabolic flux analysis comprising steady-state cultivations in a mineral salt medium with 13C-labeled substrates, GC-MS measurement for labeling analysis, as well as metabolic modeling using the open-source software OpenFlux.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Becker J, Wittmann C (2012) Pathways at work—metabolic flux analysis of the industrial cell factory Corynebacterium glutamicum. In: Yukawa H, Masayuki I (eds) Corynebacterium glutamicum, 1st edn. Springer, Berlin
Wiechert W (2001) 13C metabolic flux analysis. Metab Eng 3(3):195–206. doi:10.1006/mben.2001.0187
Kelleher JK (2001) Flux estimations using isotopic tracers: common ground for metabolic physiology and metabolic engineering. Metab Eng 3:100–110. doi:10.1006/mben.2001.0185
Wittmann C (2007) Fluxome analysis using GC-MS. Microb Cell Fact 6:6. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-6-6
Kohlstedt M, Becker J, Wittmann C (2010) Metabolic fluxes and beyond-systems biology understanding and engineering of microbial metabolism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 88(5):1065–1075. doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2854-2
Christensen B, Nielsen J (1999) Isotopomer analysis using GC-MS. Metab Eng 1(4):282–290. doi:10.1006/mben.1999.0117
Wittmann C (2002) Metabolic flux analysis using mass spectrometry. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 74:39–64
Quek L-E, Wittmann C, Nielsen LK et al (2009) OpenFLUX: efficient modelling software for 13C-based metabolic flux analysis. Microb Cell Fact 8:25. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-8-25
Wittmann C, Hans M, Heinzle E (2002) In vivo analysis of intracellular amino acid labelings by GC/MS. Anal Biochem 307(2): 379–382
Becker J, Klopprogge C, Wittmann C (2008) Metabolic responses to pyruvate kinase deletion in lysine producing Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 7:8. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-7-8
Becker J, Klopprogge C, Schröder H et al (2009) Metabolic engineering of the tricarboxylic acid cycle for improved lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Environ Microbiol 75(24):7866–7869. doi:10.1128/AEM.01942-09
Kind S, Becker J, Wittmann C (2013) Increased lysine production by flux coupling of tricarboxylic acid cycle and biosynthetic pathway—metabolic engineering of succinyl-CoA availability in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Metab Eng 15:184–195
van Winden WA, Wittmann C, Heinzle E et al (2002) Correcting mass isotopomer distributions for naturally occurring isotopes. Biotechnol Bioeng 80(4):477–479. doi:10.1002/bit.10393
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Becker, J., Wittmann, C. (2014). GC-MS-Based 13C Metabolic Flux Analysis. In: Krömer, J., Nielsen, L., Blank, L. (eds) Metabolic Flux Analysis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1191. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1170-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1170-7_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1169-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1170-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols