Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and prevalent primary brain malignancy in adults. Current treatments provide limited benefit, and thus, the median overall survival of GBM patients is only 15 months. GBM progression is highly dependent on its ability to evade immune response, so understanding the mechanisms behind GBM-driven immunosuppression seems crucial for designing more efficient therapies. Animal models of GBM constitute a convenient tool in glioma research, and several different approaches have been already developed to model this disease in vivo, including genetic and xenograft models. Here, we describe a murine syngeneic model of glioma which recapitulates many of the key features of human disease, including complex tumor microenvironment. We present an optimized protocol for stereotactic intracranial implantation of GL261 cells into C57BL/6 mice which results in tumor growth in the striatum. This model has been widely used to get insight into glioma biology, as well as in the studies aiming at the development and validation of new therapeutic approaches.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P et al (2021) The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Neuro-Oncology 23:1231–1251
Pilanc P, Wojnicki K, Roura AJ et al (2021) A novel oral arginase 1/2 inhibitor enhances the antitumor effect of PD-1 inhibition in murine experimental gliomas by altering the immunosuppressive environment. Front Oncol 11:703465
Gieryng A, Pszczolkowska D, Walentynowicz KA et al (2017) Immune microenvironment of gliomas. Lab Investig 97:498–518
Jacobs VL, Valdes PA, Hickey WF, de Leo JA (2011) Current review of in vivo GBM rodent models: emphasis on the CNS-1 tumor model. ASN Neuro 3:171–181
Haddad AF, Young JS, Amara D et al (2021) Mouse models of glioblastoma for the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies. Neurooncol Adv 3(1):vdab100
Jin F, Jin-Lee HJ, Johnson AJ (2021) Mouse models of experimental glioblastoma. In: Gliomas. Exon Publications, Brisbane, pp 15–46
Lenting K, Verhaak R, ter Laan M et al (2017) Glioma: experimental models and reality. Acta Neuropathol 133:263–282
Szatmári T, Lumniczky K, Désaknai S et al (2006) Detailed characterization of the mouse glioma 261 tumor model for experimental glioblastoma therapy. Cancer Sci 97:546–553
Maes W, van Gool SW (2011) Experimental immunotherapy for malignant glioma: lessons from two decades of research in the GL261 model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 60:153–160
Abdelwahab MG, Sankar T, Preul MC, Scheck AC (2011) Intracranial implantation with subsequent 3D in vivo bioluminescent imaging of murine gliomas. J Vis Exp 57:e3403
Oh T, Fakurnejad S, Sayegh ET et al (2014) Immunocompetent murine models for the study of glioblastoma immunotherapy. J Transl Med 12:107
Shelton LM, Mukherjee P, Huysentruyt LC et al (2010) A novel pre-clinical in vivo mouse model for malignant brain tumor growth and invasion. J Neuro-Oncol 99:165–176
Wange RL, Brown PC, Davis-Bruno KL (2021) Implementation of the principles of the 3Rs of animal testing at CDER: past, present and future. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 123:104953
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Kaminska, P., Cyranowski, S., Pilanc, P., Malik, A.R. (2024). Syngeneic Mouse Model of Glioblastoma: Intracranial Implantation of GL261 Cells. In: Dworkin, S. (eds) Neurobiology. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2746. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3585-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3585-8_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-3584-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-3585-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols