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Preclinical Models of THC and Nicotine Exposure During Adolescent Brain Development: Modeling Neuropsychiatric Phenotypes Related to Dopaminergic Transmission

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Dopaminergic System Function and Dysfunction: Experimental Approaches

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 193))

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Abstract

Adolescence is a gradual transition period between childhood and adulthood, characterized by greater sensitivity to rewarding stimuli. Consistently, demographic studies have shown that teenagers show a high prevalence of rewarding drugs use, mainly nicotine-containing products and cannabis. Clinical researches have associated the adolescence consume of nicotine and cannabis with a higher vulnerability to develop neuropsychiatric diseases in adulthood such as depression, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. Despite these evidence, it is difficult to conclusively prove causal relationships with longitudinal and retrospective clinical research in humans. Accordingly, preclinical animal models are indispensable tools to determine the causal relationship between early neurodevelopmental drug exposure and psychiatric disease risk. Preclinical rodent models have been widely used to research the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the vulnerability of the adolescent brain because the similarities in behavioral patterns and brain maturation processes with human adolescents. Particularly, both human teenager and adolescent rodents show similar patterns of DA maturation, and dysregulations in these neuronal circuits may induce phenotypes associated with psychiatric diseases.

This chapter will describe the THC and nicotine adolescent exposure methods in rats that induce a long-term dysregulation of the dopaminergic system. Furthermore, this chapter will detail the experimental protocol used in our laboratory to test the electrical activity of dopaminergic neurons. In addition, these methodologies include preclinical testing protocols for several neuropsychiatric behavioral phenotypes related to social cognition and motivation, memory processing, and anhedonia-like behaviors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

    Enzo Perez-Valenzuela & Steven R. Laviolette

  2. Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

    Enzo Perez-Valenzuela & Steven R. Laviolette

  3. Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

    Enzo Perez-Valenzuela & Steven R. Laviolette

  4. Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

    Steven R. Laviolette

Authors
  1. Enzo Perez-Valenzuela
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  2. Steven R. Laviolette
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Correspondence to Steven R. Laviolette .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Escuela de Química y Farmacia y Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    José Antonio Fuentealba-Evans

  2. Departamento de Anatomía Normal, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Pablo Henny

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Perez-Valenzuela, E., Laviolette, S.R. (2023). Preclinical Models of THC and Nicotine Exposure During Adolescent Brain Development: Modeling Neuropsychiatric Phenotypes Related to Dopaminergic Transmission. In: Fuentealba-Evans, J.A., Henny, P. (eds) Dopaminergic System Function and Dysfunction: Experimental Approaches. Neuromethods, vol 193. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2799-0_9

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