1. Lessons from Clostridial Genetics: Toward Engineering Acetogenic Bacteria

   • Joungmin Lee

   Invited Review Paper 31 December 2021 Pages: 841 - 858

2. SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Mutations and Effective Changes

   • Gene Park
   • Byeong Hee Hwang

   Review Paper 28 December 2021 Pages: 859 - 870

3. Progress in Preparation of Cellulase from Lignocellulose Using Fungi

   • Hui Jiao
   • Xiangyang Song
   • Junjun Zhu

   Review Paper 28 December 2021 Pages: 871 - 886

4. Increasing Demeclocycline Production in Streptomyces aureofaciens by Manipulating the Expression of a Novel SARP Family Regulator and Its Genes

   • Yan-Ying Tan
   • Guang-Yao Zhu
   • De-Yu Zhu

   Research Paper 18 December 2021 Pages: 887 - 897

5. Single Cell Analysis of Microalgae and Associated Bacteria Flora by Using Flow Cytometry

   • Fabrizio Di Caprio
   • Simone Posani
   • Francesca Pagnanelli

   Research Paper 31 December 2021 Pages: 898 - 909

6. Characterization and Functional Analysis of Bacillus aryabhattai CY for Acrylic Acid Biodegradation: Immobilization and Metabolic Pathway

   • Yi Chen
   • Min Zhao
   • Jun Chen

   Research Paper 28 December 2021 Pages: 910 - 922

7. Osteostimulating Ability of β-tricalcium Phosphate/collagen Composite as a Practical Bone-grafting Substitute: In vitro and in vivo Comparison Study with Commercial One

   • En-ji Cheon
   • Sung-Ho Kim
   • Sang-Ho Jun

   Research Paper 31 December 2021 Pages: 923 - 932

8. Synthesis and Structure-activity Relationship Study of 2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene Derivatives for 15-hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Inhibitory Activity, Prostaglandin E₂ Release, and Wound Healing Effect

   • EunJeong Yoon
   • DuBok Choi
   • Hoon Cho

   Research Paper 22 December 2021 Pages: 933 - 955

9. Production of the Minor Ginsenoside F₂ from the PPD-mix-type Major Ginsenosides Using a Novel Recombinant Glycoside Hydrolase from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans

   • Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi
   • Hye Yoon Park
   • Wan-Taek Im

   Research Paper 26 November 2021 Pages: 956 - 967

10. Biotransformation of Ginsenoside Rb1 to Ginsenoside F2 by Recombinant β-glucosidase from Rat Intestinal Enterococcus gallinarum

    • Chunlong Yan
    • Chunyun Hao
    • Lin-Hu Quan

    Research Paper 27 December 2021 Pages: 968 - 975

11. d-Allulose Production from d-fructose by Putative Dolichol Phosphate Mannose Synthase from Bacillus sp. with Potential d-allulose 3-epimrase Activity

    • Min-Ju Seo
    • Eun Ryeong Kwon
    • Chang-Su Park

    Research Paper 10 December 2021 Pages: 976 - 984

12. Structural Study on the Impact of S239D/I332E Mutations in the Binding of Fc and FcγRIIIa

    • Petrina Jebamani
    • Dinesh Kumar Sriramulu
    • Sun-Gu Lee

    Research Paper 10 December 2021 Pages: 985 - 992

13. Commercial-scale Economic Comparison of Different Batch Modes for Upstream and Downstream Processing of Monoclonal Antibody

    • Hyun-Myoung Cha
    • Jeong-Min Hwang
    • Dong-Il Kim

    Research Paper 10 December 2021 Pages: 993 - 1001

14. Effects of Acid-fermented Food Wastewater in Microwave-based Direct Lipid Extraction from Wet Microalgae

    • Kyoung-Woo Kim
    • Hyeon-Jin Jeon
    • Im-Gyu Byun

    Research Paper 18 December 2021 Pages: 1002 - 1011

15. Optimization and Modeling of Curdlan Production under Multi-physiological-parameters Process Control by Agrobacterium radiobacter Mutant A-15 at High Initial Glucose

    • Hui Yang
    • Wenqiang Li
    • Ping Zhu

    Research Paper 29 July 2021 Pages: 1012 - 1022

16. Rapid and Efficient BAC Recombineering: Gain & Loss Screening System

    • Myeong Uk Kuk
    • Yun Haeng Lee
    • Joon Tae Park

    Research Paper 24 November 2021 Pages: 1023 - 1033

17. Enhanced Cellular Permeation Efficiency Through Mechanical Vibration-induced Actin Cytoskeleton Changes in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells

    • Myeongkwan Song
    • Soonjo Kwon

    Research Paper 31 December 2021 Pages: 1034 - 1042