Abstract
Natural products represent a promising strategy for the discovery of new drug leads. Despite the effort of industry and academia, the investigations of natural products are concentrated in tropical and sub-tropical areas. Polar regions, such as the Arctic and Antarctica, are the most extreme and isolated environments on earth. Indeed, their severe climate conditions include low temperatures, high ultraviolet radiation, freeze–thaw cycles, and strong winds. These regions harbor a rich and underexplored biodiversity with immeasurable aggregate biotechnological potential. To survive on the poles, organisms have evolved and acquired different strategies including distinctive biological machineries, leading to the production of a unique and diverse array of organic molecules which can be used as prototypes for the development of new therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize the occurrence of secondary metabolites from the Arctic and Antarctic organisms as well as their bioactivity from 2018 to 2020. Besides, we illustrate the collection sites and countries contributions to the field of polar natural products.
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Acknowledgements
This article was written during the graduate course Advanced Topics in Natural Products, ministered by Professors Dr. Massuo Jorge Kato (Universidade de São Paulo) and Dr. Felipe Christoff Wouters (Universidade Federal de São Carlos). The authors thank Prof. Kato and Wouters for the support.
Funding
This study had financial support from the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR/MCT/CNPq N°64/2013), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biodiversidade e Produtos Naturais (INCT: BioNat), Grant #465637/2014–0, and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Grant #2014/50926–0. Financial and fellowship support from the Brazilian research funding agencies, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the scholarship provided, Grant #1408011/2018–4.
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GSS prepared the design, analyzed data, wrote, discussed, reviewed, and edited the manuscript. TRT analyzed data and contributed to the discussion part. PC edited and supervised the entire work. HMD designed, edited, and supervised the entire process. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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This article is part of a Special Issue to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy.
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dos Santos, G.S., Teixeira, T.R., Colepicolo, P. et al. Natural Products from the Poles: Structural Diversity and Biological Activities. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 31, 531–560 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-021-00203-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-021-00203-z