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Understanding redox cycling behavior of Ni–YSZ anodes at 500 °C in solid oxide fuel cells by electrochemical impedance analysis

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Abstract

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are promising energy conversion devices because of their high electrical efficiency, even for small power systems. However, when the anode is exposed to reduction and oxidation (redox) cycles, the Ni phase causes a large microstructural change as a result of its chemical expansion and contraction. This negatively affects the electrochemical performance. However, most studies have focused on the redox cycling behaviors of SOFCs at high operation temperatures (≥ 800 °C). Therefore, in this study, we investigate the degradation behavior of the SOFC anode during redox cycles at 500 °C. To identify the individual steps of the electrochemical processes of the anode, in-situ monitored impedance spectra were analyzed using the distribution of relaxation time method at various oxygen and hydrogen partial pressures. Consequently, the electrode polarization process was deconvoluted into five sub-processes. During the redox cycles, three major peaks were altered: gas phase diffusion in the anode substrate (10–1–101 Hz), gas diffusion coupled with charge transfer reaction and ionic transport (102–103 Hz) and charged species across the Ni–yttria stabilized zirconia interface at the anode (103–104 Hz). The major degradation of the electrode performance at 500 °C was attributed to the increase in gas phase diffusion resistance due to Ni phase aggregation and the decrease in porosity in the anode during the redox cycles. This was confirmed by microstructural analysis. By contrast, the other two processes (102–103 and 103–104 Hz) compensated each other, thus having negligible effect on performance degradation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Technology Development Program to Solve Climate Changes of the National Research Foundation (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science and ICT) (2020M1A2A2080864). This work was also supported by “Human Resources Program in Energy Technology” of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) (20194030202360).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea

    Jeong Hwa Park

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea

    Ha-Ni Im & Kang Taek Lee

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  1. Jeong Hwa Park
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Correspondence to Kang Taek Lee.

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Park, J.H., Im, HN. & Lee, K.T. Understanding redox cycling behavior of Ni–YSZ anodes at 500 °C in solid oxide fuel cells by electrochemical impedance analysis. J. Korean Ceram. Soc. 58, 606–613 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43207-021-00136-2

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