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Tungsten-containing high-entropy alloys: a focused review of manufacturing routes, phase selection, mechanical properties, and irradiation resistance properties

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Abstract

Alloying is one of the most effective means to confer superior properties to metal materials. For far too long, conventional W-based alloys were generally improved by the addition of minor elements. The exploitation of conventional W-based alloy is restricted to the corner of multielement phase diagrams with tiny compositional space. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a novel kind of alloys consisting of multi-principal alloying elements (usually more than 4) and have attracted increasing attention, since they were first reported in 2004. The emergence of HEAs filled the gap of the unexplored central region of multielement phase diagrams. Among them, tungsten-containing HEAs (TCHEAs) exhibit excellent mechanical properties, especially at extraordinarily elevated temperatures. Moreover, recent studies showed that TCHEAs had outstanding irradiation resistance properties. TCHEAs might serve as a promising candidate for plasma-facing materials in the fusion reactor. Many characteristics of TCHEAs are different from other HEAs due to the addition of tungsten with ultrahigh-melting temperature. Here, this paper aimed to introduce the manufacturing routes of TCHEAs; review the phase selection, mechanical properties, and irradiation resistance properties of TCHEAs; and propose the future prospects of TCHEAs.

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Fig. 1
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Reproduced with permission from Ref. [59] Copyright 2018 Elsevier. b SEM micrographs of WTaMoNbV TCHEAs fabricated by SPS sintered at 1500 °C with prior MA process and XRD patterns of the 2-, 4-, and 6-h ball-milled WTaMoNbV TCHEAs powders. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [56] Copyright 2018 Elsevier

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Reproduced with permission from Ref. [62] Copyright 2015, Springer Nature

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by National MCF Energy Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2018YFE0312400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51822402 and 51671044), National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2019YFA0209901 and 2018YFA0702901), Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program (Grant No. XLYC1807047), Fund of Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory (Grant No. 6142A06190304), and Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in Northwestern Polytechnical University (Grant No. SKLSP201902)

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  1. Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China

    Tian-Xin Li, Jun-Wei Miao, En-Yu Guo, Yi-Ping Lu, Tong-Min Wang, Zhi-Qiang Cao & Ting-Ju Li

  2. Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621907, China

    He Huang

  3. State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, China

    Jun Wang

  4. High Entropy Alloy Materials Engineering Research Center (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China

    Yi-Ping Lu

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Li, TX., Miao, JW., Guo, EY. et al. Tungsten-containing high-entropy alloys: a focused review of manufacturing routes, phase selection, mechanical properties, and irradiation resistance properties. Tungsten 3, 181–196 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42864-021-00081-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42864-021-00081-x

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