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Investigation of the effect of catalyst type, concentration, and growth time on carbon nanotube morphology and structure

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Abstract

Different materials have been shown to "catalyze" carbon nanotube (CNT) growth in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) when they become nano-sized particles. Catalysts, which act as a kind of "seed" for CNT growth, show two types of behavior in the CVD method; precipitation of carbon atoms from the eutectic alloy forming a kind of alloy with carbon; the fact that the catalyst remains as a solid phase and forms a carbon surface layer during the CVD process. This study examines the relationship between the iron-group and non-iron-group catalyst types and the catalyst concentration and growth time of CVD-based CNT growth via emphasizing growth mechanisms. The novelty of this work is to compare and evaluate the effects of catalyst type, concentration, and growth time, which are three critical CVD parameters, on the final nanotube morphology. It was utilized five different catalysts (Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Nb2O5, Au, and Pt), three different growth durations (3, 5, and 7 min), and three different catalyst concentrations (2, 4, and 6 wt%) to explore the morphological differences on CNT synthesis by CVD under the same process parameters. The results demonstrated that catalyst type is the most influential parameter in CVD-based CNT synthesis, while catalyst concentration and growth time are indispensable elements for the uniformity and small diameter in the final morphology.

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Acknowledgements

The research was supported by the Republic of Turkey Council of Higher Education 100/2000 Priority Areas Micro and Nanotechnology Doctorate Program, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey 2211-A program, and Dokuz Eylul University-Department of Scientific Research Projects with the ID of 2019.KB.FEN.032. The authors would like to thank Izmir Katip Çelebi University Central Research Laboratories Application and Research Center Fethullah Güneş Laboratory, Dokuz Eylul University Center for Fabrication and Application of Electronic Materials Mustafa Erol Laboratory, and Izmir Biomedicine Laboratory and Genome Center Defne Öztürk Laboratory for their valuable contributions and supports.

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  1. Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Dokuz Eylul University, 35397, Buca, Izmir, Turkey

    Hazal Gergeroglu

  2. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, 35390, Buca, Izmir, Turkey

    Mehmet Faruk Ebeoglugil

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  1. Hazal Gergeroglu
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HG: methodology, data curation, conceptualization, investigation, writing—review and editing, investigation, writing—original draft, and funding acquisition. MFE: supervision, conceptualization, review and editing.

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Gergeroglu, H., Ebeoglugil, M.F. Investigation of the effect of catalyst type, concentration, and growth time on carbon nanotube morphology and structure. Carbon Lett. 32, 1729–1743 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-022-00381-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-022-00381-3

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