Abstract
Maintaining soil health and soil organic carbon (SOC) restoration through residue addition could serve as waste recycling and nutrient supplying technique. Published articles demonstrated that carbon (C)/nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P)/sulphur (S) ratio of stable humus is 10000:833:200:143. However, higher C/N ratio of crop residues and deficiency of N, P and S in soils affects SOC mineralization and humus formation. This research aimed to assess proper NPS doses to hasten the humus formation either from soil native C or incorporated residues. Total four different NPS doses with or without crop residue (wheat straw) amendment comprised eight different treatments, and the experiment was conducted in soils belonging to different taxonomic orders (viz. Inceptisol, Ultisol and Vertisol). Six different kinetic models were used to assess the parameters related to C mineralization kinetics. Results revealed that the residue amended treatments had significantly higher C mineralization throughout the incubation period compared to treatments devoid of residue. Among kinetic models, two phase exponential association fitted better with time-series C mineralization data obtained across the treatments and soils. With double and quadruple nutrient doses, higher rates of C mineralization were observed. With the quadruple nutrient doses, C mineralization from added residue was 77% in Vertisol, 74% in Ultisol and 54% in Inceptisol, whereas the optimum dose had 47%, 42% and 45% of residue C mineralized, respectively. C mineralization quotient (CminQ) also increased due to higher NPS doses. Hence, optimum nutrient dose is essential for conversion of the added labile residues to stable form; also, decomposition can be hastened by nutrient addition. In conservation agriculture, the addition of nutrients following stoichiometric values will accelerate the residue decomposition and help in stubble management. However, higher nutrient doses over and above the stoichiometric values cause rapid efflux of added C and can repudiate the purpose of residue addition to soil.
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Acknowledgements
The first author would like to express their sincere thanks and gratitude to Director and all scientific staff of Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal and Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun. This research was conducted with the financial help of Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
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Trisha Roy contributed to experiment conceptualization; investigation; methodology; data curation; formal analysis; and roles/writing of original draft. Ashis Kumar Biswas contributed to experiment visualization; supervision; resources; and writing, review and editing. Abhijit Sarkar contributed to formal analysis; data curation; kinetics calculations; and roles/writing of original draft. Pramod Jha contributed to supervision; methodology; and writing, review and editing. N.K. Sharma contributed to writing, review and editing. P.K. Mishra contributed to resources facilitation of the study. Ashok Kumar Patra contributed to resources and writing, review and editing.
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Roy, T., Biswas, A.K., Sarkar, A. et al. Impact of Varied Levels of N, P, and S Stoichiometry on C Mineralization from three Contrasting Soils with or Without Wheat Straw Amendment: a Laboratory Study. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 22, 501–514 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00664-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00664-0