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A review on facile synthesis of nanoparticles made from biomass wastes

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Abstract

Superabsorbent hydrogels (SAHs) based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) have sparked the interest of scientists and researchers due to their numerous possibilities in both hygienic and non-hygienic conditions. CMC is one of the most cost-effective and commercially viable cellulose derivatives, with several advantageous features for including high gel formation. The existence of reactive hydroxyl and carboxymethyl groups, as well as the solubility of the compound in water. The combination of superabsorbent hydrogels' high swelling capacity and CMC's non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, solubility, availability, and reactivity has resulted in a wide range of possible applications for CMC-based superabsorbent hydrogels. This review begins by providing an overview of current developments in CMC-based SAHs by detailing their compositions, synthesis techniques, characterization, and modification processes. Second, this review introduces various unique types of CMC-based superabsorbent intelligent hydrogels that react to external stimuli such as ionic strength, heat, pH, hydrophilic organic solvent, metabolite concentration, and salt concentration. In addition, some of the possible applications of CMC-based SAHs in controlled release fertilizers and agrochemicals, water conservation, controlled medication delivery, wound dressing, and antibacterial activity are discussed. Ag-NPs, ZnO-NPs, CuO-NPs, AlO-NPs, and these polymers have failed to provide relief to people with similar symptoms. In this approach, combining these materials and nanoparticles as nanocomposites offers a different strategy to improve mechanical and antibacterial properties. As a result, efforts were made in this review to emphasize particularly important antibacterial results of these nanoparticles in recent studies.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, India

    Harish Kumar

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  1. Harish Kumar
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Kumar, H. A review on facile synthesis of nanoparticles made from biomass wastes. Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng. 7, 783–796 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-022-00259-9

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