Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of red mud on performance enhancement of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete

  • Technical paper
  • Published:
Innovative Infrastructure Solutions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents the strength, durability and microstructural characteristics of fly ash based geopolymer concrete in addition to red mud. The study explores the influence of other parameters on the compressive strength of GC such as Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio (liquid-to-liquid), and alkaline solution to binder ratio. The presence of high alkalinity in the red mud was enough to dissolve FA, thus ensuing the formation of aluminosilicate gels. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed the geopolymerization process and confirmed the composition of end products. Based on the experimental results, it could be recognized that GC with 10% replacement of FA with RM has shown better strength and durability properties. The results depicted that the GC mix M8 attained enhanced compressive strength i.e., 47.6 MPa indicating that the GC can be used as materials for load-bearing members in structures. The SEM images showed that a huge quantity of geopolymeric products was generated in a geopolymer by the reaction of OH− with the aluminosilicate components in FA and RM in a strong alkaline nature. Due to minor porosity, good pore structure and lower chloride ion permeability, GC can be significantly better than conventional cement concrete.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Koshy N, Singh DN (2016) FA zeolites for water treatment applications. J Environ Chem Eng 4:1460–1472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Toniolo N, Boccaccini AR (2017) FA-based geopolymers containing added silicate waste. A review Ceram Int 43:14545–14551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ascensão G, Seabra MP, Aguiar JB, Labrincha JA (2017) RM-based geopolymers with tailored alkali di_usion properties and pH bu_ering ability. J Clean Prod 148:23–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Koshy N, Jha B, Kadali S, Singh DN (2015) Synthesis and Characterization of Ca and Zeolites (Non-Pozzolanic Materials) obtained from FA–Ca(OH)2 Interaction. Mater Perform Charact 4:87–102

    Google Scholar 

  5. Davidovits, J. ‘‘Soft mineralogy and geopolymers’’, Proceedings of the Geopolymer 88 International Conference, the Université de Technologie, Compiègne, France (1998)

  6. Davidovits, J. ‘‘High-alkali cements for 21st century concretes’’, In Concrete Technology, Past, Present and Future: Proceedings of V. Mohan Malhotra Symposium, P. Kumar Metha, Ed., pp. 383–397, ACI SP-144 (1994)

  7. Oh, Jae Eun, Monteiro, Paulo J.M., Jun, Ssang Sun, Choi, Sejin and Clark, Simon M. ‘‘The evolution of strength and crystalline phases for alkali-activated ground blast furnace slag and FA-based geopolymers’’, Cem. Concr. Res., 40(2), pp. 189–196 (2010)

  8. Shi, Caijun, Roy, Della and Krivenko, Pavel, Alkali-Activated Cements and Concrete, Taylor & Francis Ltd. NewYork, NY10016, U.S.A (2006)

  9. Alonso, S. and Palomo, A.X ‘‘Calorimetric study of alkaline activation of calcium hydroxide-metakaolin solid mixtures’’, Cem. Concr. Res, 31(1), pp. 25–30 (2010)

  10. Pan Z (2003) Li, Dongxu, Yu, Jian and Yang, Nanry ‘“Properties and microstructure of the hardened alkali-activated RM-slag cementitious material.”’ Cem Concr Res 33(9):1437–1441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Purdon, A.O.X. ‘‘The action of alkali on blast furnace slag’’, J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 59(53), pp. 191–202 Wiley online library (1999).

  12. Duxson P, Provis JL, Lukey GC, Mallicoat SW (2005) ‘Understanding the relationship between geopolymer composition, microstructure and mechanical properties.’ Colloids Surf 269(1):47–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Xu, Hua and van Deventer, Jannie S.J. (2003). ‘‘Effect of source materials on geopolymerization’’, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42(8), pp. 1698–1706

  14. Duxson P, Mallicoa SW, Lukey GC, Kriven WM, van Deventer JSJ (2007) ‘The effect of alkali and Si/Al ratio on the development of mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymers.’ Colloids Surf 292(1):8–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Khale, Divya and Chudhary, Rubina. (2007). ‘‘Mechanism of geopolymerization and factures influencing it development: review’’, J. Mater. Sci., 42 729–746

  16. Hou Y, Wang Dongmin, Zhou Wenjuan, Lu Hongbo, Wang Lin (2006) ‘Effect of activator and curing mode on FA-based geopolymers.’ J Wuhan Univ Natur Sci Ed. 24(5):711–715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Cheng TW, Chiu JP (2003) ‘Fire-resistant geopolymer produced by granulated blast furnace slag.’ Miner Eng 16(3):205–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Smita singh, Rahul das biswas, Aswath m.u, 2016. Experimental study on redmud based GC with FA & ggbs in ambient temperature Curing, International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Special Issue

  19. Shi Y, Zhang Z, Sang Z, Zhao Q (2020) Microstructure and Composition of Red Mud-Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers Incorporating Carbide Slag. Front Mater 7:563233. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.563233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. He J, Jie Y, Zhang J, Yu Y, Zhang G (2013) Synthesis and characterization of RM and rice husk ash-based geopolymer composites. Cement Concr Compos 37:108–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kumar A, Kumar S (2013) Development of paving blocks from synergistic use of RM and FA using geopolymerization. Constr Build Mater 713(38):865–871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Nie Q, Hu W, Ai T, Huang B, Shu X, He Q (2016) Strength properties of geopolymers derived from original and desulfurized RM cured at ambient temperature. Constr Build Mater 125:905–911

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Wang Z, Shu X, Rutherford T, Huang B, Clarke D (2015) Effects of asphalt emulsion on properties of fresh cement emulsified asphalt mortar. Constr Build Mater 75:25–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang, Z., Wu, J., Zhao, P., Dai, N., Zhai, Z., Ai, T. (2017). Improving cracking resistance of cement mortar by thermo-sensitive poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) gels. Journal of Cleaner Production

  25. Ye N, Yang J, Ke X, Zhu J, Li Y, Xiang C, Wang H, Li L, Xiao B (2014) Synthesis and characterization of geopolymer from bayer RM with thermal pretreatment. J Am Ceram Soc 97(5):1652–1660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang M, El-Korchi T, Zhang G, Liang J, Tao M (2014) Synthesis factors affecting mechanical properties, microstructure, and chemical composition of RM-FA based geopolymers. Fuel 134:315–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Pridobivanje, U.G.Z., RDE, G.M.N.O., Blata, E., Utilization of geopolymerization for obtaining construction materials based on RM. Materiali in tehnologije 47(1) 2013, 99–104

  28. Petermann, J.C., Saeed, A., Hammons, M.I., Alkali-Activated Geopolymers: A Literature Review, 2010. DTIC Document

  29. ASTM C 618, Standard Specification for Coal FA and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019

  30. ASTM C150/C150M-19a, Standard Specification for Portland Cement, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019, www.astm.org

  31. ASTM C143 / C143M -20 Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete

  32. BS 12390–3 (2009), Testing hardened concrete, compressive strength of test specimens, BSI, London

  33. He J, Zhang J, Yu Y, Zhang G (2012) The strength and microstructure of two geopolymers derived from metakaolin and RM-FA admixture: a comparative study. Constr Build Mater 30:80–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhang M, Zhao M, Zhang G, Mann D, Lumsden K, Tao M (2016) Durability of RM-FA based geopolymer and leaching behavior of heavy metals in sulfuric acid solutions and deionized water. Constr Build Mater 124:373–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Weng L, Sagoe-Crentsil K (2007) ‘Dissolution processes, hydrolysis and condensation reactions during geopolymer synthesis: part I — low Si/Al ratio systems.’ J Mater Sci 42(9):2997–3006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Sagoe-Crentsil K, Weng L (2007) ‘Dissolution processes, hydrolysis and condensation reactions during geopolymer synthesis: part II. high Si/Al ratio systems.’ J Mater Sci 42(9):3007–3014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Rattanasak U, Chindaprasirt P (2009) Influence of NaOH solution on the synthesis of FA geopolymer. Miner Eng 22(12):1073–1078

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Ahmari S, Ren X, Toufigh V, Zhang L (2012) Production of geopolymeric binder from blended waste concrete powder and FA. Constr Build Mater 35:718–729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. ASTM C1202–19: Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration (ASTM West Conshohocken, 2019)

  40. ASTM G109–07(2013): Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments (ASTM West Conshohocken, 2013)

  41. Ribeiro DV, Labrincha JA, Morelli MR (2012) Effect of the addition of red mud on the corrosion parameters of reinforced concrete. Cem Concr Res 42(1):124–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.09.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Hou D, Wu D, Wang X, Gao S, Yu R, Li M, Wang Y (2020) Sustainable use of red mud in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC): design and performance evaluation. Cement Concr Compos. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103862

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Díaz B, Freire L, Nóvoa XR, Pérez MC (2015) Chloride and CO2 transport in cement paste containing red mud. Cement Concr Compos 62:178–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Bellum, R. R., Muniraj, K., Rama, S., & Madduru, C. (2019). Empirical relationships on mechanical properties of class-F fly ash and GGBS based geopolymer concrete. Ann Chim–Sci Matér, 43(3), 189–197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ascm430.

  45. Bellum Ramamohana Reddy, Muniraj Karthikeyan, Madduru Sri Rama Chand (2020) Influence of Activator Solution on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete. Materialia. 10:100659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Bellum Ramamohana Reddy, Muniraj K, Madduru SRC (2020) Characteristic evaluation of geopolymer concrete for the development of road network. Sustainable Infrastructure, Innovative Infrastructural Solutions 5:91. https://doi.org/10.1016/s41062-020-00344-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University).

Funding

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, 522213, Guntur, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Ramamohana Reddy Bellum

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, CVR College of Engineering, Vastunagar, Managalpalli (V), Telangana, 501510, India

    Chava Venkatesh

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Sree Chaitanya College of Engineering, Timmapur, Karimnagar, Telangana, 505527, India

    Sri Rama Chand Madduru

Authors
  1. Ramamohana Reddy Bellum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chava Venkatesh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sri Rama Chand Madduru
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ramamohana Reddy Bellum.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bellum, R.R., Venkatesh, C. & Madduru, S.R.C. Influence of red mud on performance enhancement of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 6, 215 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00578-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00578-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation