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The Rise of Near-Infrared Emitters: Organic Dyes, Porphyrinoids, and Transition Metal Complexes

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Abstract

In recent years, the interest in near-infrared (NIR) emitting molecules and materials has increased significantly, thanks to the expansion of the potential technological applications of NIR luminescence in several areas such as bioimaging, sensors, telecommunications, and night-vision displays. This progress has been facilitated by the development of new synthetic routes for the targeted functionalization and expansion of established molecular frameworks and by the availability of simpler and cheaper NIR detectors. Herein, we present recent developments on three major classes of systems—i.e., organic dyes, porphyrinoids, and transition metal complexes—exhibiting the maximum of the emission band at λ > 700 nm. In particular, we focus on the design strategies that may increase the luminescence efficiency, while pushing the emission band more deeply in the NIR region. This overview suggests that further progress can be achieved in the near future, with enhanced availability of more robust, stronger, and cheaper NIR luminophores.

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Acknowledgments

We thank CNR [Project PHEEL, CNR-CONICET joint project “Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Photocatalytic Nanomaterials”, CNR-CNRS(L) joint project “Development of a Modular Integrated Device for Solar Energy Conversion”, and Progetto Bandiera N-Chem]. V.K.P. thanks department of science and technology (DST-SERB), Government of India for a Young Scientist Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy

    Andrea Barbieri, Elisa Bandini, Filippo Monti & Nicola Armaroli

  2. Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India

    Vakayil K. Praveen

Authors
  1. Andrea Barbieri
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  2. Elisa Bandini
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  3. Filippo Monti
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  4. Vakayil K. Praveen
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  5. Nicola Armaroli
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Correspondence to Vakayil K. Praveen or Nicola Armaroli.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection “Photoluminescent Materials and Electroluminescent Devices”; edited by Nicola Armaroli and Henk Bolink.

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Barbieri, A., Bandini, E., Monti, F. et al. The Rise of Near-Infrared Emitters: Organic Dyes, Porphyrinoids, and Transition Metal Complexes. Top Curr Chem (Z) 374, 47 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-016-0048-9

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