Abstract
The current study looks at measuring soil’s liquefaction potential using various indexes such as the factor of safety (FOS), the liquefaction severity index (LSI), and the liquefaction potential index (LPI). The liquefaction analysis is performed on a dataset of 834 locations that contains standard penetration test values at different depths below the ground level. While the FOS-based method of liquefaction analysis investigates the possibility of liquefaction for intermediate depths, the other two methods estimate the same for the entire soil deposit. Liquefaction analysis was performed using seven different input parameters, including corrected standard penetration test blow count “N” values, fine content, maximum horizontal acceleration, total vertical stress, total effective stress, magnitude moment, and depth below ground level. To assess the capability of the proposed methods in the liquefaction potential prediction, a number of performance parameters and error matrices have been used. The effectiveness of the methodologies offered is contrasted in terms of performance factors and error matrices and the percentage of correctly predicted liquefied and non-liquefied situations. In comparison to LSI and LPI methods, the FOS-based method is found to be more accurate in the prediction of the probability of liquefaction.
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Data Availability
The datasets used and analyzed during the current study will be made available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- SPT:
-
Standard penetration test
- CRR:
-
Cyclic resistance ratio
- CSR:
-
Cyclic stress ratio
- FOS:
-
Factor of safety against liquefaction
- FC:
-
Fine Content
- TN:
-
True negative (no.)
- TP:
-
True positive (no.)
- FN:
-
False negative (no.)
- FP:
-
False positive (no.)
- TPR:
-
True positive rate
- TNR:
-
True negative rate
- MSF:
-
Magnitude scaling factor
- FNR:
-
False Negative Rate
- PPV:
-
Positive Predictive Value
- NPV:
-
Negative Predictive Value
- FPR:
-
False Positive Rate
- FDR:
-
False Discovery Rate
- FOR:
-
False Omission Rate
- MCC:
-
Matthews Correlation Coefficient
- COV:
-
Coefficient of variation
- z:
-
Depthm
- \({N}_{\mathrm{1,60}}\) :
-
Corrected SPT blow count
- \({}_{{\sigma }_{v}}\) :
-
Total vertical stresskPa
- \({N}_{\mathrm{1,60},cs}\) :
-
SPT penetration resistance equivalent to clean sand
- \({\sigma }_{v}^{\mathrm{^{\prime}}}\) :
-
Effective vertical stresskPa
- \({a}_{max}\) :
-
Peak horizontal ground acceleration \({\mathrm{ms}}^{-2}\)
- \({r}_{d}\) :
-
Stress reduction factor
- \({F}_{s}\) :
-
Factor of safety against liquefaction
- \({P}_{L}\) :
-
Probability of liquefaction
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The authors are thankful to colleague at National Institute of Technology Patna who effectively contributed to this study.
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• Divesh Ranjan Kumar: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, resources, software, validation, visualization, and writing—original draft.
• Avijit Burman: writing—review and editing
• Pijush Samui: supervision
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Kumar, D.R., Samui, P. & Burman, A. Determination of Best Criteria for Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential of Soil. Transp. Infrastruct. Geotech. 10, 1345–1364 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-022-00268-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-022-00268-w