Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Reproductive stage salinity tolerance in rice: a complex trait to phenotype

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Plant Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rice is one of the major crops but rice productivity is adversely affected by salinity stress. The rice seedling and reproductive stages are the most sensitive growth stages against salinity stress with very poor association, suggesting that they are regulated by different processes and sets of genes/QTLs. Reproductive stage salinity tolerance is most important as it is translated into grain yield. There are hardly any studies on reproductive-stage salinity tolerance that exist mainly because of the lack of reliable reproductive stage-specific phenotyping techniques and incomplete knowledge of the stage-specific mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Establishing a precise and accurate phenotyping approach for reproductive stage is the utmost crucial step in identifying the genomic regions appropriate for marker-assisted breeding programs. Two major challenges for screening exclusively for the reproductive stage are (1) how to stress plants at the reproductive stage without stressing them at the seedling or late vegetative stages, and (2) how to impose the stress on different genotypes or mapping populations at equivalent growth stages of development because of the variability in the basic vegetative phase of the developmental stages. By cutting the old leaves, this study standardised a methodology that allows salt translocation to the reproductive organs as quickly as possible just at the initiation of booting which was growth stage-specific rather than growth duration-dependent. The results showed cutting the old leaves of the rice plant, leaving only the flag leaf and penultimate leaf, had no significant effect on yield components and that way salt reached to the reproductive parts very quickly after 2 or 3 days of stress treatment in the leaf pruning method. However, there is no high Na+ accumulation in the top two leaves even after 9 days of stress treatment in the untrimmed plants. The exclusive reproductive stage effect of salinity stress (10 dSm−1) to rice plants for 20 days from the day of ‘flag leaf appearance’ proved the efficacy of the methodology by clear discrimination between the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant genotypes, which is being used to screen several mapping populations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abou-khalifa, A., Misra, A. N., & Salem, A. E. A. K. (2008). Effect of leaf cutting on physiological traits and yield of two rice cultivars. African Journal of Plant Science, 2(12), 147–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ammar, M. H. M., Pandit, A., Singh, R. K., Sameena, S., Chauhan, M. S., Singh, A. K., et al. (2009). Mapping of QTLs Controlling Na+, K+ and CI− ion concentrations in salt tolerant indica rice variety CSR27. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 18(2), 139–150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishnoi, U., Jain, R. K., Rohilla, J. S., Chowdhury, V. K., Gupta, K. R., & Chowdhury, J. B. (2000). Anther culture of recalcitrant indica × Basmati rice hybrids. Euphytica, 114(2), 93–101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calapit-Palao, C. D., Viña, C. B., Gregorio, G. B., & Singh, R. K. (2013). A new phenotyping technique for salinity tolerance at the reproductive stage in rice. ORYZA, 50(3), 199–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, N. C., Tardieu, F., & Tuberosa, R. (2008). Quantitative trait loci and crop performance under abiotic stress: Where do we stand? Plant Physiology, 147(2), 469–486.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Enyi, B. A. C. (1962). The contribution of different organs to grain weight in upland and swamp rice. Annals of Botany, 26(4), 529–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hossain, N. (2014). Molecular characterization of rice genotypes for salinity tolerance at different growth stages. M.Sc. thesis, Mymensingh: Bangladesh Agricultural University.

  • Hossain, H., Rahman, M. A., Alam, M. S., & Singh, R. K. (2015). Mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with reproductive-stage salt tolerance in rice. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 201(1), 17–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ismail, A. M., Heuer, S., Thomson, M. J., & Wissuwa, M. (2007). Genetic and genomic approaches to develop rice germplasm for problem soils. Plant Molecular Biology, 65(4), 547–570.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, S., Javed, D. M. A., Jahan, N., & Manan, D. F. A. (2016). A short review on the development of salt tolerant cultivars in rice. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 5(2), 201–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K.-S., Choi, W.-Y., Ko, J.-C., Kim, T. S., & Gregorio, G. B. (2003). Salinity tolerance of japonica and indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the seedling stage. Planta, 216(6), 1043–1046.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lisa, L. A., Seraj, Z. I., Fazle Elahi, C. M., Das, K. C., Biswas, K., Islam, M. R., et al. (2004). Genetic variation in microsatellite DNA, physiology and morphology of coastal saline rice landraces of Bangladesh. Plant and Soil, 263(1), 213–228.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mondal, M., Puteh, A., Malek, M., & Rafi, M. (2013). Salinity induced morphophysiological characters and yield attributes in rice genotypes. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 11(2), 610–614.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moradi, F., & Ismail, A. M. (2007). Responses of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and ROS-scavenging systems to salt stress during seedling and reproductive stages in rice. Annals of Botany, 99(6), 1161–1173.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Munns, R., & Tester, M. (2008). Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59(1), 651–681.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pires, I. S., Negrão, S., Oliveira, M. M., & Purugganan, M. D. (2015). Comprehensive phenotypic analysis of rice (Oryza sativa) response to salinity stress. Physiologia Plantarum, 155(1), 43–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raina, S. K. (1989). Tissue culture in rice improvement: Status and potential. Advances in Agronomy, 42, 339–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roshandel, P., & Flowers, T. (2009). The ionic effects of NaCl on physiology and gene expression in rice genotypes differing in salt tolerance. Plant and Soil, 315(1–2), 135–147.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saleque, M. A., Choudhury, N. N., Rezaul Karim, S. M., & Panaullah, G. M. (2005). Mineral nutrition and yield of four rice genotypes in the farmers’ fields of salt-affected soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 28(5), 865–875.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarhadi, E., Bazargani, M. M., Sajise, A. G., Abdolahi, S., Vispo, N. A., Arceta, M., et al. (2012). Proteomic analysis of rice anthers under salt stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 58, 280–287.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, R., & Flowers, T. (2010). Physiology and molecular biology of the effects of salinity on rice (pp. 899–939). doi:10.1201/b10329-44.

  • Singh, R. K., Gregorio, G., & Ismail, A. (2008). Breeding rice varieties with tolerance to salt stress. Journal of the Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research, 26, 16–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, R. K., Redoña, E. D., & Refuerzo, L. (2010). Varietal improvement for abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants: Special reference to salinity in rice. In: A. Pareek, S. K. Sopory & H. J. Bohnert (Eds.), Abiotic stress adaptation in plants: Physiological, molecular and genomic foundation (pp. 387–415). Netherland: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M. P., Singh, D. K., & Rai, M. (2007). Assessment of growth, physiological and biochemical parameters and activities of antioxidative enzymes in salinity tolerant and sensitive basmati rice varieties. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 193(6), 398–412.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turan, S., Cornish, K., & Kumar, S. (2012). Salinity tolerance in plants: Breeding and genetic engineering. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6(9), 1337–1348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turan, S., & Tripathy, B. C. (2013). Salt and genotype impact on antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in two rice cultivars during de-etiolation. Protoplasma, 250(1), 209–222.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z., Cheng, J., Chen, Z., Huang, J., Bao, Y., Wang, J., et al. (2012). Identification of QTLs with main, epistatic and QTL× environment interaction effects for salt tolerance in rice seedlings under different salinity conditions. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 125(4), 807–815.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z., Wang, J., Bao, Y., Wu, Y., & Zhang, H. (2011). Quantitative trait loci controlling rice seed germination under salt stress. Euphytica, 178(3), 297–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yeo, A. R., & Flowers, T. J. (1982). Accumulation and localisation of sodium ions within the shoots of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties differing in salinity resistance. Physiologia Plantarum, 56(3), 343–348.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeo, A. R., Lee, S., Izard, P., Boursier, P. J., & Flowers, T. J. (1991). Short- and long-term effects of salinity on leaf growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 42(7), 881–889.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, S. (1981). Fundamentals of rice crop science. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=wS-teh0I5d0C&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=Fundamentals+of+rice+crop+science&ots=VB0AoW-i4M&sig=imaB60INi3xyXZ_gMFK54O8mM8k.

  • Zhu, J. K. (2002). Salt and drought stress signal transduction in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 53, 247–273.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Breeding Division, International Rice Research Institute, 4071, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines

    Mostafa Ahmadizadeh, Naireen A. Vispo, Cecilia Diana O. Calapit-Palao, Iris Dawn Pangaan & Rakesh K. Singh

  2. Department of Plant Breeding, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran

    Mostafa Ahmadizadeh

  3. Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Philippines, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines

    Cecilia Diana O. Calapit-Palao & Celia Dela Viña

Authors
  1. Mostafa Ahmadizadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Naireen A. Vispo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cecilia Diana O. Calapit-Palao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Iris Dawn Pangaan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Celia Dela Viña
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Rakesh K. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rakesh K. Singh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ahmadizadeh, M., Vispo, N.A., Calapit-Palao, C.D.O. et al. Reproductive stage salinity tolerance in rice: a complex trait to phenotype. Ind J Plant Physiol. 21, 528–536 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-016-0268-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-016-0268-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation