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Oncogenic and Tumor-Suppressive Roles of MicroRNAs with Special Reference to Apoptosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the non-coding class of minute RNA molecules that negatively control post-transcriptional regulation of various functional genes. These miRNAs are transcribed from the loci present in the introns of functional or protein-coding genes, exons of non-coding genes, or even in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR). They have potential to modulate the stability or translational efficiency of a variety of target RNA [messenger RNA (mRNA)]. The regulatory function of miRNAs has been elucidated in several pathological conditions, including neurological (Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease) and cardiovascular conditions, along with cancer. Importantly, miRNA identification in cancer progression and invasion has evolved as an incipient era in cancer treatment. Several studies have shown the influence of miRNAs on various cancer processes, including apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. In particular, apoptosis induction in tumor cells through miRNA has been extensively studied. The biphasic mode (up- and down-regulation) of miRNA expression in apoptosis and other cancer processes has already been determined. The findings of these studies could be utilized to develop potential therapeutic strategies for the management of various cancers. The present review critically describes the oncogenic and tumor suppressor role of miRNAs in apoptosis and other cancer processes, therapy resistance, and use of their presence in the body fluids as biomarkers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, Punjab, India

    Dharambir Kashyap

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India

    Hardeep Singh Tuli

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, 160030, Punjab, India

    Vivek Kumar Garg

  4. Department of Information Technology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, Punjab, India

    Neelam Goel

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, 33169, USA

    Anupam Bishayee

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  1. Dharambir Kashyap
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  2. Hardeep Singh Tuli
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  3. Vivek Kumar Garg
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  4. Neelam Goel
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  5. Anupam Bishayee
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Correspondence to Hardeep Singh Tuli or Anupam Bishayee.

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DK, HST, VKG, NG and AB declare no conflict of interest.

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The authors declare that this work is not supported by any funding agency.

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Kashyap, D., Tuli, H.S., Garg, V.K. et al. Oncogenic and Tumor-Suppressive Roles of MicroRNAs with Special Reference to Apoptosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Mol Diagn Ther 22, 179–201 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-018-0316-1

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