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In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Evaluation in Dry Eye and Related Diseases

  • Cornea (T Yamaguchi, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

We reviewed recent findings on in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) of the ocular surface in dry eye and related diseases.

Recent Findings

In dry eye disease, IVCM allows for corneal structure evaluation at the cellular level and is frequently used in diagnosis, disease course follow-up, and management. IVCM also enables a detailed examination of variations, such as abnormal hyperreflexia keratocytes and inflammatory cells, altered corneal superficial cell density, and basal cell density. In addition, several cellular alterations in ocular surface diseases have been detected using IVCM. Many studies have used IVCM to evaluate qualitative and quantitative changes in the corneal nerves associated with dry eye disease, enabling characterization of the morphology, density, and disease or surgically induced alterations of the subbasal nerve plexus.

Summary

IVCM is a valuable and promising complementary method for clinical diagnosis and follow-up in dry eye and related diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan

    Cem Simsek, Murat Dogru & Takashi Kojima

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey

    Cem Simsek & Aylin Karalezli

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  1. Cem Simsek
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  2. Aylin Karalezli
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Correspondence to Takashi Kojima.

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Conflict of Interest

Simsek C, Karalezli A, and Dogru M each declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Kojima T has received personal fees from Santen pharmaceutical, Otsuka pharmaceutical, Alcon, Eye Lens, Carl Zeiss Meditec, and Echo electricity.

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All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional/national research committee standards, and international/national/institutional guidelines).

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Simsek, C., Karalezli, A., Dogru, M. et al. In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Evaluation in Dry Eye and Related Diseases. Curr Ophthalmol Rep 7, 187–195 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40135-019-00216-x

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