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Epidemiology and Classification of Dry Eye

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Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes 2

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 438))

Abstract

Dry eye, or keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is a rubric for a number of clinical disease states characterized by disturbances in the pre-ocular tear film resulting in ocular surface disease.1 KCS accounts for a high percentage of patient visits to ophthalmologists, and its treatment has given rise to a pharmaceutical market in the US of over $100 million per year (industry estimates). Approximately 7–10 million Americans currently require the use of artificial tear preparations.2 KCS is associated with a broad spectrum of ocular symptoms ranging from mild transient irritation to persistent irritation, burning, itchiness, redness, pain, ocular fatigue, and vision disturbances.3,4 In its more severe form, Sjögren’s-associated KCS, it is associated with vision-threatening complications including scleritis, corneal ulceration, and secondary bacterial infection.5 Pathophysiologic factors include deficiencies in aqueous tear production, qualitative changes in tear composition, alterations in the oil secretion of the meibomian glands of the eyelids, blinking abnormalities, and inflammatory changes in the ocular surface.6

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology Georgetown University Medical Center, University Ophthalmic Consultants of Washington, Washington, DC, USA

    Michael A. Lemp

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  1. Michael A. Lemp
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    David A. Sullivan  & Darlene A. Dartt  & 

  2. Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Michele A. Meneray

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Lemp, M.A. (1998). Epidemiology and Classification of Dry Eye. In: Sullivan, D.A., Dartt, D.A., Meneray, M.A. (eds) Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes 2. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 438. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5359-5_111

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5359-5_111

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7445-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5359-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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