Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fabrication of hybrid scaffolds by polymer deposition system and its in-vivo evaluation with a rat tibial defect model

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Aims and scope

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the bone regeneration ability of a polycaprolactone (PCL) tube scaffold fabricated by using a polymer deposition system with G-code and to evaluate the biocompatibility of bone graft material with Bio-C (HA (30%)/TCP (70%)), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2). The fabrication of a rapid prototyping-based PCL tube scaffold requires a combination of several devices, including a heater, pressure dispenser, and motion controller, etc. This system can process polymer with high precision by a 200-μm nozzle. We used scanning electron microscopy to observe the surface of fabricated scaffold. Three groups considered in this study were PCL tube scaffold (Group A), BMP-2(0.1 mg)/Bio-C/CMC/PCL scaffold (Group B), and BMP-2(0.5 mg)/Bio-C/CMC/PCL scaffold (Group C). The functional recovery and bone regeneration potential were estimated by performing an in-vivo animal experiment with a white rat model. Then, the effect of the scaffold on tibial defects in rats was examined by observing an X-ray image at 4 or 8 weeks and by carrying out histological analysis. In this study, scaffolds fabricated by using the PDS (polymer deposition system), had a diameter of 4.0 mm and a height of 8.0 mm. Moreover, we confirmed that group C exhibited better biomedical characteristics for bone formation than the other scaffolds. The evaluation of in-vivo experimental results suggested that the co-fabrication of the PCL tube scaffold with group C resulted in sustained bone regeneration, which in turn improved the biocompatibility of the bone graft material.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. AK Ekaputra, GD Prestwich, SM Cool, et al., The threedimensional vascularization of growth factor-releasing hybrid scaffold of poly (e-caprolactone)/collagen fibers and hyaluronic acid hydrogel, Biomaterials, 32, 8108 (2011).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. L Zhang, TJ Webster, Nanotechnology and nanomaterials: Promises for improved tissue regeneration, Nano Today, 4, 66 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. DE Ingber, VC Mow, D Butler, et al., Tissue engineering and developmental biology: going biomimetic, Tissue Engineering, 12, 3265 (2006).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. A Vats, NS Tolley, JM Polak, et al., Scaffolds and biomaterials for tissue engineering: a review of clinical applications, Clin. Otolaryngol. Allied Sci., 28, 165 (2003)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. R Lanza, R Langer, JP Vacanti, Principles of Tissue Engineering, Academic Press, New York, (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  6. DW Hutmacher, M Stinger, MV Risbud, Scaffold-based tissue engineering: rationale for computer-aided design and solid free-form fabrication systems, Trends Biotechnol., 22, 354 (2004).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. FH Liu, YK Shen, JL Lee, et al., Selective laser sintering of a hydroxyapatite-silica scaffold on cultured MG63 osteoblasts in vitro, Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., 13, 439 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. J Meng, H Kong, Z Han, et al., Enhancement of nanofibrous scaffold of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyurethane composite to the fibroblasts growth and biosynthesis, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B, vol. 88A, 105 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. WJ Li, JA Cooper Jr, RL Mauck, et al., Fabrication and characterization of six electrospun poly(alpha-hydroxy ester)-based fibrous scaffold for tissue engineering applications, Acta Biomater., 2, 377 (2006).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. I Zein, DW Hutmacher, KC Tan, et al., Fused deposition modeling of novel scaffold architecture for tissue engineering, Biomaterials, 23, 1169 (2002).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. YM Kolambkar, KM Dupont, JD Boerckel, et al., An alginatebased hybrid system for growth factor delivery in the functional repair of large bone defects, Biomaterials, 32, 65 (2011).

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. ME Oest, KM Dupont, HJ Kong, Quantitative assessment of scaffold and growth factor-mediated repair of critically sized bone defects, J. Orthop. Res., 25, 941 (2007).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. C Nascimento, JPM Issa, RR Oliveira, et al., Biomaterials Applied to the Bone Healing Process, Int. J. Morphol, 25, 839 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. F Wang, L Shor, A Darling, et al., Precision extruding deposition and characterization of cellular poly—caprolactone tissue scaffolds, Rapid Prototyping J., 10, 42 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. G Gergely, F Wéber, I Lukács, et al., Nano-hydroxyapatite preparation from biogenic raw materials, Cent. Eur. chem., 8, 375 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. HS Ryu, HJ Youn, KS Hong, BS Chang, et al., An improvement in sintering property of tricalcium phosphate by addition of calcium pyrophosphate, Biomaterials, 23, 909 (2002).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. SE Kim, HK Rha, S Surendran, et al., Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) immobilized biodegradable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, Macromol. Res., 14, 565 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. R Robert, R Andreia, L Leonard, Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethylcellulose methacrylate hydrogel cell scaffolds, Polymers, 2, 252 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. JH Shim, JY Kim, M Park, et al., Development of a hybrid scaffold with synthetic biomaterials and hydrogel using solid freeform fabrication technology, Biofabrication, 3, 034102 (2011).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. JY Kim, JJ Yoon, EK Park, et al., Cell adhesion and proliferation evaluation of SFF-based biodegradable scaffolds fabricated using a multi-head deposition system, Biofabrication, 1, 015002 (2009).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. JH Shim, JS Lee, JY Kim, Fabrication of solid freeform fabrication based 3D scaffold and Its in-vitro characteristic evaluation for bone tissue engineering, Tissue Eng. Regen. Med., 9, 16 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  22. SE Kim, YP Yun, HR Song, et al., Bone formation of middle ear cavity using biphasic calcium phosphate lyophilized with Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 using animal model, Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol., 77, 1430 (2013).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. S Oda, A Kinoshita, T Higuchi, et al., Ectopic bone formation by biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), J. Med. Dent. Sci., 44, 53 (1997).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. H Choi, NJ Park, O. Jamiyandorj, et al., Improvement of osteogenic potential of biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitute coated with two concentrations of expressed recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2, J. Periodontal Implant Sci., 42, 119 (2012).

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Y Choi, JS Lee, YJ Kim, et al., Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulates the osteogenic potential of the schneiderian membrane: a histometric analysis in rabbits, Tissue Eng. Part A., 19, 1994 (2013).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. SH Song, YP Yun, HJ Kim, et al., Bone formation in a rat tibial defect model using carboxymethyl cellulose/BioC/bone morphogenic protein-2 hybrid materials, Biomed Res. Int., 230152 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  27. JK Park, JH Shim, KS Kang, et al., Solid free-form fabrication of tissue-engineering scaffolds with a Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) grafted hyaluronic acid conjugate encapsulating an intact bone morphogenetic protein-2/poly(ethylene glycol) Complex, Adv. Funct. Mater., 21, 2906 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. JW Jang, JH Yun, KI Lee, et al., Osteoinductive activity of biphasic calcium phosphate with different rhBMP-2 doses in rats, Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol., 113, 480 (2012).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andong National University, Andong, Korea

    Min-Woo Sa & Jong Young Kim

  2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, Korea University Medical College, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea

    Sung Eun Kim, Young-Pil Yun & Hae-Ryong Song

Authors
  1. Min-Woo Sa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sung Eun Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Young-Pil Yun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hae-Ryong Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jong Young Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hae-Ryong Song.

Additional information

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sa, MW., Kim, S.E., Yun, YP. et al. Fabrication of hybrid scaffolds by polymer deposition system and its in-vivo evaluation with a rat tibial defect model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 11, 439–445 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-014-0065-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-014-0065-0

Key words

Search

Navigation