Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Adsorption of cadmium ion using a new composite cation-exchanger polyaniline Sn(IV) silicate: kinetics, thermodynamic and isotherm studies

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A new organic–inorganic composite cation exchanger polyaniline Sn(IV) silicate has been synthesized. The physicochemical properties of this ion exchanger were determined using different analytical techniques including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, simultaneous thermogravimetry–differential thermogravimetry analyses, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental analysis studies. Ion exchange capacity and effect of heating temperature on ion exchange capacity were also carried out on this ion exchange material. Adsorption properties for different metal ions have been investigated and the results revealed that polyaniline Sn(IV) silicate had the highest adsorption capacity for Cd2+ ion. It’s selectivity was tested by achieving some important binary separations. Dependence of adsorption on contact time, temperature, pH of the solution and exchanger dose had been studied to achieve the optimum conditions. Adsorption kinetic study showed that the adsorption process followed the first order kinetics. Adsorption data were fitted to linearly transformed Langmuir isotherm with R 2 (correlation coefficient) >0.99. The maximum removal of Cd2+ was found at pH 9. The adsorption was fast and the equilibrium established within 40 min. Thermodynamic parameters viz- entropy change, enthalpy change and Gibb’s free energy change were also calculated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ajmal M, Rao RAK, Ahmad R, Ahmad J (2000) Adsorption studies on Citrus reticulata (fruit peel of orange): removal and recovery of Ni(II) from electroplating wastewater. J Hazard Mater 79(1–2):117–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alam Z, Inamuddin, Nabi SA (2010) Synthesis and characterization of a thermally stable strongly acidic Cd(II) ion selective composite cation exchanger: polyaniline Ce(IV) molybdate. Desalination 250(2):515–522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Othman ZA, Naushad Mu, Nilchi A (2011a) Development, characterization and ion exchange thermodynamics for a new crystalline composite cation exchange material: application for the removal of Pb2+ ion from a standard sample (rompin hematite). J Inorg Organomet Polym 21(3):547–559

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Othman ZA, Naushad Mu, Inamuddin (2011b) Organic–inorganic type composite cation exchanger poly-o-toluidine Zr(IV) tungstate: preparation, physicochemical characterization and its analytical application in separation of heavy metals. Chem Engg J 172(1):369–375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babel S, Kurniawan TA (2003) Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: a review. J Hazard Mater 97(1–3):219–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyya KG, Gupta SS (2008) Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 140(2):114–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das N, Pattanaik P, Das R (2005) Defluoridation of drinking water using activated titanium rich bauxite. J Colloid Interface Sci 292(1):1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duval C (1963) Inorganic Thermogravimetric Analysis. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Eren E, Afsin B (2008) Investigation of a basic dye adsorption from aqueous solution onto rawand pre-treated bentonite surfaces. Dyes Pigm 76(1):220–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta RK, Singh RA, Dubey SS (2004) Removal of mercury ions from aqueous solutions by composite of polyaniline with polystyrene. Sep Purif Techn 38(3):225–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Islam M, Patel RK (2007) Evaluation of removal efficiency of fluoride from aqueous solution using quick lime. J Hazard Mater 143(1–2):303–310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Islam M, Patel R (2008) Polyacrylamide thorium (IV) phosphate as an important lead selective fibrous ion exchanger: synthesis, characterization and removal study. J Hazard Mater 156(1–3):509–520

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang MQ, Jin XY, Lu XQ, Chen ZL (2010) Adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) onto natural kaolinite clay. Desalination 252(1–3):33–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan AA, Alam MM (2003) Synthesis, characterization and analytical applications of a new and novel ‘organic–inorganic’ composite material as a cation exchanger and Cd(II) ion-selective membrane electrode: polyaniline Sn(IV) tungstoarsenate. React Funct Polym 55(3):277–290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan AA, Inamuddin, Alam MM (2005a) Preparation, characterization and analytical applications of a new and novel electrically conducting fibrous type polymeric–inorganic composite material: polypyrrole Th(IV) phosphate used as a cation exchanger and Pb(II) ion-selective membrane electrode. Mat Res Bull 40(2):289–305

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan AA, Inamuddin, Alam MM (2005b) Determination and separation of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using a fibrous type organic–inorganic hybrid cation exchange material: polypyrrole thorium(IV) phosphate. React Funct Polym 63(2):119–133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan AA, Khan A, Inamuddin (2007) Preparation and characterization of a new organic–inorganic nano-composite poly-o-toluidine Th(IV) phosphate: Its analytical applications as cation exchanger and in making ion-selective electrode. Talanta 72(2):699–710

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahitti P, Fuangfa U (2008) Preparation and use of chemically modified MCM-41 and silica gel as selective adsorbents for Hg(II) ions. J Hazard Mater 154(1–3):578–587

    Google Scholar 

  • Messina PV, Schulz PC (2006) Adsorption of reactive dyes on titania–silica mesoporous materials. J Colloid Interface Sci 299(1):305–320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nabi SA, Bushra R, Naushad Mu, Khan A (2010a) Synthesis, characterization and ion exchange behavior of composite material, poly-o-toluidine stannic molybdate and its use in the separation of toxic metal ions. Chem Engg J 165(2):529–536

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nabi SA, Ganai SA, Naushad Mu (2010b) Preparation and characterization of a new inorganic cation exchanger: zirconium (IV) iodosilicate: analytical applications for metal content determination in pharmaceutical sample and synthetic mixture. Desalin Water Treat 16(1–3):29–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nabi SA, Bushra R, Al-Othman ZA, Naushad Mu (2011) Synthesis, characterization and analytical applications of a new composite cation exchange material Acetonitrile stannic(IV) selenite: adsorption behavior of toxic metal ions in nonionic surfactant medium. Sep Sci Techn 46(5):847–857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Namasivayam C, Sangeetha D (2006) Removal of molybdate from water by adsorption onto ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbon. J Bioresour Technol 97(10):1194–1200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nilchi A, Maalek B, Kanchi A, Maragheh MG, Bagheri A (2006) Cerium (IV) molybdate cation exchanger: synthesis, properties and ion separation capabilities. Radiat Phys Chem 75(2):301–308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ofomaja AE, Ho YS (2008) Effect of temperature and pH on methyl violet biosorption by Mansonia wood sawdust. Bioresour Technol 99(13):5411–5417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qureshi M, Gupta AP, Khan T (1977) Synthesis and ion exchange properties of a semicrystalline, magnesium-selective niobium antimonite. J Chrom A 144(2):231–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao CNR (1963) Chemical applications of infrared spectroscopy. Academic Press, New York, p 250

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahin M, Gorcay H, Kır E, Sahin Y (2009) Removal of calcium and magnesium using polyaniline and derivatives modified PVDF cation exchange membranes by Donnan dialysis. React Funct Polym 69(9):673–680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sekar M, Sakthi V, Rengaraj S (2004) Kinetics equilibrium adsorption study of lead(II) onto activated carbon prepared from coconut shell. J Colloid Interface Sci 279(2):307–313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sengupta S, Gupta AKS (1997) Heavy-metal separation from sludge using chelating ion exchangers with nontraditional morphology. React Funct Polym 35(1–2):111–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snell FD, Snell CT (1959) Colorimetric methods of chemical analysis including photometric methods, vol 11. D. Van. Nostrand, New Jersey, p 135

  • Snell FD, Snell CT (1959) Colorimetric methods of chemical analysis including photometric methods, vol 11. D. Van. Nostrand, New Jersey, p 586

  • Sujana MG, Thakur RS, Rao SB (1998) Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using alum sludge. J Colloid Interface Sci 206(1):94–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang J, Jing X, Wang B, Wang F (1988) Infrared spectra of soluble polyaniline. Synth Met 24(3):231–238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thakkar R, Patel H, Chudasama U (2007) A comparative study of proton transport properties of zirconium phosphate and its metal exchanged phases. Bull Mater Sci 30(3):205–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varshney KG, Agrawal K, Agrawal S, Saxena V, Khan A (1988) Synthetic, kinetic and analytical studies on titanium (IV) arsenosilicate ion exchanger: separation of lead from its synthetic alloys. Colloids Surf A Physchem Engg Aspects 29(2):175–189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vatutsina OM, Soldatov VS, Sokolova VI, Johann J, Bissen M, Weissenbacher A (2007) A new hybrid (polymer/inorganic) fibrous sorbent for arsenic removal from drinking water. React Funct Polym 67(3):184–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wan Ngah WS, Hanafiah MAKM (2008) Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modified plant wastes as adsorbents: a review. Bioresour Technol 99(10):3935–3948

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was supported by King Saud University (Saudi Arabia), Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Science Research Centre.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Building 5, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mu. Naushad & Z. A. AL-Othman

  2. Department of Chemistry, Purushottam Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rourkela, Orissa, India

    M. Islam

Authors
  1. Mu. Naushad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Z. A. AL-Othman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Islam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mu. Naushad.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Naushad, M., AL-Othman, Z.A. & Islam, M. Adsorption of cadmium ion using a new composite cation-exchanger polyaniline Sn(IV) silicate: kinetics, thermodynamic and isotherm studies. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 10, 567–578 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-013-0189-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-013-0189-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation